论密尔的功利主义——对个人与社会关系的一种新解释

在《功利主义》一书中,密尔对快乐这一概念进行了重新阐释,认为快乐不仅有程度上的不同,还有性质上的差异。人的快乐有高级和低级之分,人们愿意而且应该选择更高级的快乐,放弃低级的快乐。他提出幸福的目标就是在质和量上都得到满足的生活,幸福的内容是宁静和兴奋。他认为幸福是人类的惟一目标,美德是达到幸福的一种手段．而社会的最高道德标准就是最大多数人的最大幸福。本文旨在通过对密尔的功利主义的进一步阐释,深入探讨功利主义的内涵和本质。     

French radicalism through the eyes of John Stuart Mill

The paper attempts to highlight some under-researched aspects of the interaction between British and French radical political thinkers and activists during the period between the July Revolution of 1830 in France and the early years of the Third Republic. It focuses in particular on the decisive impact that the aftermath of the July Revolution of 1830 had for the perception of French politics by the most Francophile British radical, John Stuart Mill. In this context, Mill's astonishingly dense coverage of French affairs in The Examiner and the relation between that coverage and Mill's radical agenda at home are explored. The Revolution of February 1848 and the establishment of a Republic in France raised new hopes and led to a new round of Anglo-French radical co-operation and manifestations of fraternity. However, it was the frustration of the expectations raised by 1848 (fatally by the time of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte's coup d’état in December 1851) that had the most profound effect on the perception of French radicalism outre-Manche. A detailed analysis of which French ‘radical’ parties, factions and personalities attracted Mill's sympathies and support from 1830 to the beginnings of the Third Republic is offered, along with the reasons why Mill was attracted by some of the people and factions in question and not by others. The paper winds up with a few comments on Mill's strenuous efforts to contribute to Anglo-French mutual understanding and fellow-feeling and his strategies to that effect.     

Understanding French education: Historians versus sociologists

Demailly, L., Le Collège: Crise, mythes et métiers (Presse Universitaire de Lille, 1991), 373pp., 100F., ISBN 2 859 39383 8

Prost, A., Education, société et politique; une histoire de l'enseignement en France de 1945 à nos jours (Seuil, 1992), 240pp., 130F., ISBN 2 020 14157 4     

The Henrician legend revived: the Palatine couple and its public image in early Stuart England

By exploring the nature of the Palatine myth in Early Stuart England this article contributes to the debate on the religious and political polarisation in Europe in the decades before the Thirty Years War. In the battle of words that preceded the armed conflict of men, references to the national past and greatness were used and misused by the opposing sides as influential instruments of propaganda. The paper sets out to answer two basic questions. In what way was Frederick, the Palatine Elector, put within the context of English Protestant mythology? How did the public image of the Palatine Couple change after the disaster at the White Mountain?