A geographical interpretation of “El Vergel,” a fundo of the central valley of Chile

EUROPE.

To Venice and Back in a Two‐Seater. By E. Halford Ross. London : Cassell and Co., Ltd., 1924. Price 6s.

Through Central France to the Pyrenees. By Maude Speed. London : Longmans, Green and Co., 1924. Price 10s. 6d. net.

Eynhallow: The Holy Island of the Orkneys. By John Mooney, F.S.A. Kirkwall: W. R. Mackintosh, 1923. Price 8s. 6d.

Impressions of Soviet Russia. By Charles Sarolea, Professor of French Literature in the University of Edinburgh. London: E. Nash and Grayson, 1924. Price 10s. 6d. net.

The Road to Rannoch and the Summer Isles. By T. Ratcliffe Barnett. Edinburgh: Robert Grant and Son. 1924. Price 7 s. 6d.

The Hill Paths, Drove Roads and "Gross Country” Routes in Scotland from the Cheviots to Sutherland. By Walter A. Smith, F.F.A., Edinburgh. Edinburgh: Macniven and Wallace, 1924. Price 2s. 6d.

Le Mont Olympe (Thessalie). Monographie par Marcel Kdrz, Ingénieur de la Mission suisse près le gouvernement Hellénique. Paris and Neuchâtel: Victor Attinger, 1923.

ASIA.

Sport and Service in Assam and Elsewhere. By Lt.‐Col. Alban Wilson, D.S.O. London: Hutchinson and Co., 1924 Price 18s. net.

Arab Asia. A Geography of Syria, Palestine, Irak, and Arabia. By Lanice Paton Dana.

My Nestorian Adventure in China. By His Excellency Fritz Holm, G.C.C., G.C.O.M., etc. London : Hutchinson and Co., 1924. Price 18s.

AFRICA.

Big Game and Pygmies : Experiences of a Naturalist in Central African Forests in Quest of the Okapi. By Cuthbert Christy, M.B., C.M. (Edin.). With an introductory chapter by Sir Harry H. Johnston, G.C.M.G. London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd., 1924. Price 21s. net.

AMERICA.

Jamaica: The Lodestar of the Caribbean. By E. M. Cook. Bristol: J. W. Arrowsmith, 1924. Price 2s. 6d.

Desert Trails of Atacama. By Isaiah Bowman, Director of the American Geographical Society. The American Geographical Society, New York, 1924. Price $5.

Economic Geography of Indiana. By S. S. Visher, Ph.D. New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1923.

AUSTRALASIA.

Cotton in Australia. The Possibilities and the Limitations of Australia as a Cotton‐growing Country. By Richard Harding. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1924. Price 12s. 6d. net.

GENERAL.

The Cosmic Bust. By Rajani Ranjan Sen, B.A., B.L. Chittagong : M. R. Sen, 1923. Price Rs. 6/8.

EDUCATIONAL.

Grundzüge der Länderkunde. Von Alfred Hettner. Band 1 : Europa. 2nd (revised) Ed. Preis 9 Goldmark Band 2: Aussereuropäische Erdteile. Preis 11.20 Goldmark. Leipzig and Berlin : B. G. Teubner, 1923.

Regional Geographies: I. The British Isles. By J. Hamilton Birrell, M.A., F.R.S.G.S. ii. The British Umpire. By T. S. Muir, M.A., F.R.S.G.S. Edinburgh : W. and E. Chambers, Ltd. Price 1s. 3d. each.

Economic Geography of the British Empire. By Ciias. B. Tiiurston, B.Sc., F.R.G.S. Fourth and Revised Edition. London : University of London Press, Ltd., 1924. Price 5s.

Junior Regional Geographies. Book III. The Regions of the World. By W. H. Barker, B.Sc. F.R.G.S., and Leonard Brooks, M.A., F.R.G.S. London: University of London Press, Ltd., 1924. Price 2s. 9d.

A Junior Economic Geography. By O. J. R. Howarth. Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1923. Price 2s. 6d. net.     

Accuracy,efficiency and bias: The interpretation of women's work in the U.S. Census of Occupations, 1890–1940

The Canadian Century Research Infrastructure (CCRI) began with the development of designs for large representative samples of the decennial census from 1911 to 1951 and continued with the development of sophisticated SPIDER software for data entry and processing. This work builds on previous research projects in several ways, including the use of digital images within an integrated suite of Java-based software programs. By describing the theoretical and practical questions addressed in the CCRI initiative, the authors seek to contribute to international efforts to enhance construction of historical databases for systematic research on economic, social. and political change.     

The Purposes of Land Settlement in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 1898–1914: Drawing Paths through the Weeds

This article examines the programme of land surveying and registration that was undertaken by the British-led administration of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan in the period 1898–1914. The Legal Secretary, Edgar Bonham Carter, stated that programme was the most important project of his division in this period. Scholars have shown that the programme, known as land ‘settlement’, was used to build alliances with elites and to clarify title for European investors in the new irrigation scheme at Gezira. This article argues that, as such, the ambitions of land settlement were relatively limited. In many other colonies, and in Britain itself, politicians and administrators across the political spectrum saw the reform of private property in land as the key for addressing structural problems in agricultural labour. One might have thought that, the Sudan, land settlement might have provided a means of addressing the dependence on slave labour in agriculture. The article demonstrates that, except for a small number of administrators (including Bonham Carter), this was not the case. The general indifference to slavery itself carried through to an indifference to the transformative potential of land law. The article examines the proposals of this minority of administrators, and contrasts their views with the majority’s focus on land settlement as demonstration and opportunity to enhance state power.     

The social production of ‘attractive authenticity’ at the World Heritage Site of Røros,Norway

This paper examines how authenticity and its use as a way of conceptualising the past participates in processes of heritage production, which are here defined as both the social construction of heritage sites and the uses of heritage sites as resources to achieve social goals. We argue that the social production of place and the social values generated by place are linked by a common approach based on the use of ‘place attraction’ as a unifying social concept. The World Heritage Site of Røros has as an attractive place become a resource for the production of cultural capital among various stakeholders, taking the form of a large body of ‘heritage knowledges’. However, a symbolic capital production of ‘attractive authenticity’ has today generated an idealised past and a purified iconic image of Røros as World Heritage. The discourse of ‘attractive authenticity’ reveals a conflict of interests where symbolic capital unfolds and makes power relations evident. This exposes a discussion about cultural heritage management practices at World Heritage Sites.     

The role of the internet in removing the ‘shackles of the saleroom’: Anytime,anyplace, anything,anywhere

Abstract

The alliance of the internet with the antiquities industry has seen the market grow at an unprecedented rate. E-commerce has facilitated an increase in flexibility and access to the market, which has encouraged an influx of new people to the trade. Anyone can now buy and sell antiquities.

The expansion and extension of the market has created new threats to our cultural heritage. Indeed, my research suggests that this has had a significant impact on the organisation, extent and intensity of site destruction. Furthermore, the increased demand for artefacts has led to the proliferation of fakes, increasingly obvious with the widely circulated images on the world wide web. Consequently we are faced with a progressively more confused and fragmentary archaeological record, challenging efforts to piece together the past.

All assessments of the future must accept that the e-market is vast, that it remains largely unsupervised, and that it is impossible to police. Evidence suggests that the illicit trade is filtering into the cyber-sphere, which provides an ideal means of placing material onto the market quickly and quietly. The extent of this unwelcome development is unknown and remains difficult to assess. What is certain is that action needs to be taken if the ‘Age of Technology’ is not to consume the present as well as the past.     

‘The revolt of the medievalists’. Directions in recent research on the twelfth-century renaissance

This paper examines an attempt to introduce a male administrator at a Benedictine women's monastery in Catalonia in the fourteenth century. It argues that records from the monastic and episcopal archives indicate the existence of a complex and dynamic interplay between the nuns and their abbess and the bishop. Due to this complicated process of negotiation, the bishop did not succeed in imposing a new male authority figure over the traditional leadership of the community. Over the next fifty years, the abbesses reasserted themselves and redefined the procurator's role as one subordinate to themselves. The episode illustrates that nuns could employ varied tactics to resist attempts to change their traditional administrative structure.     

‘Drawing the line’ in El Salvador: Washington confronts insurgency in El Salvador, 1979–92

The United States’ intervention in the Salvadoran Civil War, 1979–92, represented the largest nation-building effort launched by Washington between the end of Vietnam and the second war with Iraq. Washington deployed US Special Forces advisers to El Salvador to prevent further human rights abuses, emphasise the importance of winning the affection of civilians, and professionalise and reform the Salvadoran military. Overall, the intervention produced mixed results, including a negotiated settlement. Despite reservations about the efficacy of US policy, lessons from El Salvador have been reapplied elsewhere, including most recently in Iraq.     

The Historic Port of El Real de Salinas in Campeche, and the Role of Coastal Resources in the Emergence of Capitalism in Yucatán, México

The emergence of capitalism in the peninsula of Yucatán is generally presented as a process resulting from the capitalization of the agricultural sector and the export of products from its sugar, cotton, and henequén plantations in the nineteenth century. In addition to these products, the peninsula also had a dynamic coastal economy in which the harvesting of salt and the extraction of logwood (Haematoxylum campechianum), played a major role and contributed to the flow of goods to international markets. We present a preliminary archaeological survey and historical documentation of El Real de Salinas, a salt-producing port on the north coast of Campeche, which was also involved in the extraction of other coastal products and closely linked to the inland plantation system.

The rock art of the Côa valley,Portugal: Significance,conservation and management

Abstract

The Côa river valley is the largest open-air Palaeolithic art site currently known. Some 150 decorated panels have already been found, spread along 17km. The whole complex would have been submerged under 100m of water if construction of the large Foz Côa dam, begun in 1992, had been allowed to continue. The dam project was halted in 1995 and a 200km² archaeological park is being established in this area, which is now legally protected at the highest level as a National Monument. Public access to selected sites is organized through four-wheel drive. tours of groups of eight people accompanied by guides appropriately trained in archaeology and rock art studies. Visitor Centres have been set up in restored traditional houses located in the villages around the periphery of the park. A Museum of Rock Art and Archaeology and associated research facilities is to be established at the site of the now abandoned dam.     

The best of times,the worst of times: Community-sector advocacy in the age of ‘compacts’

The recent introduction of written ‘compacts’ between government and community services organisations (CSOs) in Australia offers the promise of meaningful co-production of policy. However, recent research has highlighted that many in the community sector continue to perceive that there are significant constraints on their capacity to engage in advocacy. This paper examines the impact of the current governance regimes on the Australian community sector and explores the dimensions of these perceived constraints. The paper argues that both government and community sectors must make concessions and adjustments. Governments must accept that the use of contracting monopolies to stifle advocacy has weakened their capacity to deliver responsive services, while community organisations must accept that new governance regimes require new modes of participation in the policy process.