Petrography of ancient Indian lime plaster

Samples of ancient Indian lime plaster have not previously been analysed. Excavation of a seventh century AD baked brick structure provided the necessary samples for a detailed laboratory examination of plaster. The plaster samples were studied by chemical and petrographic methods. The probable sources of lime and sand were indicated by the mineralogy.     

Potential Discrimination of Belgian Black Marbles Using Petrography,Magnetic Susceptibility and Geochemistry

Five varieties of Belgian black marbles are investigated in order to discriminate them. Their age ranges from Frasnian (Golzinne) to Visean (Dinant, Theux, Basècle, Lives). Three methods were used: petrography, magnetic susceptibility and geochemistry of major elements and Rare Earth Elements (REE). The petrographic analyze reveals 16 microfacies reflecting very quiet environments, sporadically perturbed by more energetic phenomena like turbidites or storms. These microfacies are integrated in two depositional models: a quiet offshore setting, below or close to the storm wave base (Salet, Basècles) and a shallow but very restricted zone, protected from waves and currents (Lives and Golzinne). The magnetic susceptibility results show that all the black marbles are characterized by very low, even slightly negative values, except the Golzinne one which shows higher values. Geochemical data allow to discriminate between the Theux black marble (low SiO₂ content), and the Basècles samples (low Al₂O₃, K₂O and REE contents). These methods could be useful to determine/refine the origin of archaeological stones, even if all these analyses are destructive. Two archeologic samples were investigated in order to identify their possible origin.     

Petrography as a technique for investigating Iroquoian ceramic production and smoking rituals

Petrographic data and macroscopic observations are used to examine some of the social contexts and functional considerations underlying the production of pottery containers and smoking pipes at Antrex, a Middle Ontario Iroquoian village site located in southern Ontario. Results suggest that while pottery was produced by small groups of people for widespread consumption within the community, pipes were made by individuals for their own personal use. Overall, this research supports the hypothesis that by the beginning of the Late Woodland period, a shift away from communal ritual practices led by ritual specialists or shamans had occurred. Smoking might have, in some contexts, become a solitary religious experience.     

Archaeological carved slabs of the Langobard art in churches of Peligna Valley and Spoleto (Italy): provenance of the stones

In this study we investigate the provenance of the limestone and marble used to made carved slabs today placed in three churches located in Raiano and Vittorito (Peligna Valley, Abruzzo, Italy) and in Spoleto (Umbria, Italy). The slabs, representative examples of the Langobard art (Middle Ages), are dated approximately from 8th to 9th centuries A.D. and have the same pattern in terms of decoration, suggesting a progressive expansion of Langobards in central and southern Italy, after the foundation of the Pavia Kingdom.     

Coils,slabs, and molds: examining community affiliation between Late Archaic shell ring communities using radiographic imagery of pottery

ABSTRACT

Radiographic imaging is used to determine the techniques used to form vessels from two contemporaneous Late Archaic shell rings in coastal Georgia. These data, in concert with decorative and technofunctional data, suggest that different potting communities occupied each ring. The presence of different communities at each ring corresponds with larger regional patterns in which localized socio-political bodies developed during the Late Archaic. The findings offered in this paper suggest that localized groups did not exist in isolation but rather lived near one another for centuries.     

祥和吉庆 如意康宁——浙江翰越堂藏古代艺术品精粹展览侧记

2013年1月18日,“吉祥如意——浙江翰越堂藏古代艺术品精粹”展览在西子湖畔的浙江省博物馆孤山馆区开幕。这是浙江省博物馆近年举办的浙江私人收藏精品系列展览之一,主办方选取了王永良翰越堂3万余件文物艺术品中含有较明确吉祥寓意的精减143件,以为贺岁特展。     

巩固党在农民群众中的执政基础

我们党要扩大社会基础,不仅要关注新的枉会阶层,更要重视农民阶级。在现代化进程中,执政党如果没有农民的支持,其执政地位就不可能巩固。改革开放以来,我国的农民阶级内部出现分化,面临着一系列新的问题,特别农民的生存状况和农村自办组织的发展,对党的执政基础提出了挑战。因此,党要在农村巩固自身的执政基础,就必须采取有效措施减轻农民负担,加强农村党支部建设,吸收优秀农民入党,并引导农村自办组织健康发展。     

浅论敦煌出土的唐代围棋子——兼谈围棋的发展历史

围棋活动是供人们养身,陶冶情操,开发智力,培养综合、分析和逻辑思维能力的一项文体活动。本文对敦煌唐墓出土的围棋子及其发展历史进行了探究。     

从意大利庞贝古城坍塌事故看龙门石窟的保护

2010年,意大利庞贝古城发生了三次坍塌事故。本文阐述了庞贝古城发生事故原因以及存在的问题,并联系龙门石窟实际,对其存在问题进行了分析,探讨了解决思路,强调了日常保养维护在文物保护工作中的重要性。     

明末清初青花花觚鉴定

觚,新石器时代马家浜化遗址即有陶制品出土,其用途为酒器。夏商较流行,西周后逐渐减少。部分器型仿青铜礼器,多用作陪葬冥器。     

浅析拜占廷帝国早期阶段皇位继承制度的发展

戴克里先采取了一系列改革措施重振罗马帝国,其中大部分政策为君士坦丁一世继承,并逐渐成为早期拜占廷帝国管理体制的基础.但是,戴克里先所创立的四帝共治制由于自身蕴涵着不可克服的内部矛盾,在戴克里先退位后随即崩溃.此后经过三个 王朝以及一个世纪的发展,拜占廷帝国皇位的血亲世袭继承原则得以确立,血统成为皇位继承合法性的来源.与此同时,军队也依然拥有对于皇位继承的强大影响力,血统与军队在皇位继承中形成互相制约的关系.     

从资本家阶级在辛亥革命中的实际表现谈辛亥革命的实质

文章从资本家阶级在辛亥革命中的实际表现这个角度来探讨这次革命的实质.作者认为资本家阶级事实上是君主立宪派而不是革命派的阶级基础.但在辛亥革命高潮中资本家阶级没有游离于革命斗争之外,不但如此,资本家阶级还利用革命党人在国内根基甚浅的现实使革命后来的发展远离了革命纲领.辛亥革命象一场暴风雨冲跨了早已腐烂的老房子--清王朝,但它却没能建立起真正的资产阶级共和国.革命之后中国有的仅仅是“民国“的招牌.因而辛亥革命实质上是一场推翻了满清的暴动,就其结果来说还谈不上是资产阶级的民主革命,尽管其三民主义的革命纲领充分体现了资产阶级的民主革命性.     

继承与创新：新修大型清史的体裁体例--清史编纂体裁体例学术座谈会综述

20 0 3年 2月 2 1日至 2 5日 ,国家清史编纂委员会在北京召开了“清史编纂体裁体例学术座谈会” ,来自京津、东北、华北、西北等地高校、科研院所、档案文博单位的近二百名学者参加了会议 ,就清史编纂的体裁体例等问题展开了讨论。这是清史工程启动后的第一次重要会议 ,也是建国以来第一次关于史书编纂的大讨论。一、新编清史的定位以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导 ,坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的基本观点和方法 ,以世界眼光 ,在继承前人研究成果基础上 ,编纂出一部能够反映当代中国学术水平 ,并…     

On the Causes of the Extinction of Some Animals at the end of the Pleistocene

A mathematical theory is developed to demonstrate the disputed hypothesis that hunting tribes of the Upper Paleolithic in Europe did play a decisive role in bringing about the extinction of the mammoth and other large herbivorous animals at the end of the Pleistocene. Formulas for the periods of time during which hunting did not greatly affect animal numbers and during which the numbers declined to zero are used to show that mammoth numbers remained relatively stable during most of the Upper Paleolithic (a period of 10,000 to 25,000 years) and then dropped rapidly within a few centuries to complete extinction. The theory is used to explain why only the largest animals became extinct and why elephants continued to survive in tropical areas while the mammoth vanished in the north.     

道教与辽朝政权合法性的构建

本文通过考察道教与辽朝政治的关系,揭示出在辽朝这样一个多元文化的社会中,道教如何阐释和构建政权的合法性将契丹开国君后及皇太子神化为道门尊神;采用谶纬与道教融合的方式来诠释契丹开国史;运用道教术语命名政治空间;把皇帝的行帐想象、神化为“洞天福地”;借用道教词汇命名帝王陵寝建筑;堆砌道教辞藻修饰帝后的哀册。一言以蔽之,契丹统治者利用道教塑造君主和国家权力的神圣性,以此构筑其政权的合法性。     

嘉峪关关城游击将军府修建年代考证

《嘉峪关市志》依据《重修肃州新志》中"隆庆二年,总督王崇古言,嘉峪关三面临戎,势甚孤悬,宜设守备防御,从之"的记载推断,游击将军府系明隆庆二年(1568)修建。笔者认为值得商榷。通过对历史文献和碑碣的分析,笔者认为游击将军府最初修建年代应为明正德元年(1506),是由肃州兵备副宪李端澄主持修建的官厅。     

中国国民党史研究概况述评

20世纪下半叶以来,中国国民党史研究呈现繁荣景象。李云汉在“中国国民党史研究和几个层面”一中,对包括海峡两岸的国内学的研究出版状况作了详细的评介。他说：“通论性党史述,为数当在50种以上”,其中“体系完整,内容充实,足资代表某时代、地域或特别方面”,而又常见的,有30种。有关国民党党史专论性作,包括阶段性、地区性、专题性以及有关党史人物的传记等一共列举了28种。各种论集有36种,所收学术论总数在300篇以上。     

论两汉玄学思潮的萌芽

春秋时期,道术"为天下裂";秦汉时期,道术开始为"天下合",儒道思想逐渐兼容其他学说,交融整合。在此过程中,学者们将宇宙论的探讨不断转化为本体论的思考,使有无、本末等成为亟待深入讨论的哲学命题。汉朝强调礼教规范,与个体自我之间形成对立和冲突,使得名教和自然的关系,逐渐成为急需解决的思想命题。玄学在魏晋时期的形成,正得益于两汉玄学思潮的不断积累。     

西域文化对元杂剧影响探微

元杂剧是在前代戏曲艺术的基础上发展而来的一种戏剧样式。笔者从西域宗教戏、西域歌舞以及元代社会状况入手探究元杂剧兴盛的真正原因。