《上博简·孔子诗论》"樛木之时"释义--兼论《诗·樛木》的若干问题

<上海博物馆藏楚竹书>第一册的<孔子诗论>部分三处提到<樛木>一诗的主旨为"时".关于其意义,本文联系到<诗经>此篇进行了探讨.<樛木>诗的"福履"二字盖读若"蔑(伐)历",意指贵族受到关于其经历及功绩的考察与肯定.简文的"时"字应当理解为春秋战国时期社会上广泛流行的时遇、机遇的概念.<孔子诗论>的相关简文与<诗·樛木>篇的相互印证,对于阐释楚竹书和<诗经>相关文义都是重要参考.     

红军长征中左右两路军的若干电报考

历史档案是研究历史的第一手资料,其重要性是不言而喻的.但是由于种种原因,历史档案在后人眼里往往会有许多模糊和疑问,使得研究者难以准确运用而影响研究的结果.本文就研究中发现的红军长征时左右两路军若干电报中的一些疑难问题,作一初步的探讨. 一、三份电报的时间顺序 在<红军长征·文献>①中关于1935年9月中央红军单独北上时,有3份重要电报时间顺序的排列是不够准确的.文献第675页的电报是"张国焘关于红一、三军单独北上问题致林彪等转中央领导人电",电报落款是"朱、张,九月十日四时".第676页的电报是"中共中央关于北上方针绝对不应改变,左路军应速即北上再致张国焘电",电报落款是"中央,九月十日".第677页的电报是"指令",落款是"中央政治局,九月十日于阿西".     

楚竹书《恒先》新证

上海博物馆藏楚竹书<恒先>,保存完整,是研究古代哲学思想的珍贵文献."恒"即马王堆帛书<易传·系辞>中的"大恒",殷墟卜辞中称为"王恒".恒即常,故"恒先"即<老子>第四章所说的"吾不知其谁之子,象帝之先".     

《史记索隐》"(臬阝)县"地名校议

今本<史记·黥布列传>"兹乡"<索隐>注"番阳(臬阝)县之乡",当作"(臬阝)阳县之乡"."(臬阝)"为"(鳥木阝)"之俗讹字."(鳥木阝)"字又作"郻",<汉书·地理志>郻县在巨鹿郡,(鳥木阝)阳县在豫章郡,与番阳近者为(鳥木阝)阳县,<索隐>作"(鳥木阝)县"误.西汉无番阳郡,依<索隐>体例亦不得言"番阳(鳥木阝)阳县".<史记索隐>当是据<汉书>颜师古注为说,今本<索隐>此注有误.     

左思《齐都赋》探微

左思的赋作,今存<三都赋>、<白发赋>全文及<齐都赋>、<七讽>①残篇.<三都赋>是其成名作,使洛阳纸贵,影响甚巨;<白发赋>当是其晚年之作,乃抒情小赋,可能属于"烂熟于心,一挥而就"的作品.人们常把左思看作是文思迟缓的作家②,但写<白发赋>花费的时间不会太久,估计八、九、十馀日足矣.     

释"塞"

<古钱大辞典>著录如下一枚空首布: A(尔土)793号 李佐泉疑是"云"字①. 按:此字上不从"雨",下不从"云",释"云"无据.我们认为此字似应分析为从"穴",从"土".古文字中从"宀"之字或作:     

蔺相如不曾作相

京剧中有一目<将相和>,这里的"将"就是廉颇,这里的"相"自然就是蔺相如了.于是,许多人就以为历史上的蔺相如官职就是宰相,其实,蔺相如从来就没有作过相. 战国时代,赵国最高的官职称为"相邦",西汉司马迁写<史记>时,因为避汉高祖刘邦的名讳,改"邦"为"国",从此"相邦"称为"相国",简称为"相".<荀子·王霸>中说,相国是"百官之长".     

《即墨县志》中《聊斋志异》佚文辨析

<文献>2007年第3期<[同治](即墨县志)中的<聊斋志异>佚文>一文,引<即墨县志>中"郭华野先生以清鲠受主知"一段文字,作者称说"此文不见于今传<聊斋志异>","该文应该是<聊斋志异>的佚文".其实,这一则文字正出自<聊斋志异>,<即墨县志>所载出处无差.只是它在<聊斋>中非独立成篇,而是包括在<公孙夏>文末的"异史氏曰"评论之中.     

啸之新考

"啸",早在先秦时代就已出现.<诗经·召南·江有汜>即有"江有汜,之子归,不我过.不我过,其啸也歌"的记载;<王风·中谷有蓷>:"有女仳离,条其啸矣";<小雅·白华>:"啸歌伤怀,念彼硕人".<楚辞>中也有关于啸的记载,如<招魂>:"秦篝齐缕,郑帛络些.招具该备,永啸呼些."<吴越春秋·阖闾内传>说吴王"登台向南风而啸,有顷而叹,群臣莫有晓王意者,子胥深知王之不定,乃荐孙子于王."     

也说"持其踵"

<文献>2007年第1期载有<(战国策·赵策)札记两则>一文,其中关于"持其踵"一则认为"踵"不是通常解释的"足踵"(或日脚后跟),而是所谓"车踵".还认为帛书本作"攀其踵"比"持其踵"义长且"更为传神",云云.     

关于贾宝玉是性别认同障碍者的猜想辨析

日本汉学家合山究教授,2011年出版的专著《<红楼梦>——性同一性障碍者的乌托邦小说》,是日本红学界目前最新的研究成果。合山氏在书中披露了主人公贾宝玉属于性别认同障碍患者的大胆猜想。这种观点在日本汉学界可谓前无古人,其研究特点在于,借用心理学上的GID性别认同障碍剖析贾宝玉的人格特征、行为举止等,并以此解释《红楼梦》中众多疑团;并对曹雪芹、《红楼梦》的成书意义等做出基于GID性别认同障碍立场的解释。而我们认为这种猜想其实是文本对宝玉的"女性化"处理得来的,其真正病因在于儒家意识形态压制下的非主流男性气质的曲折表现。     

The Concept of Truth in the Komi Hunting Stories

Abstract

We analyse the Komi hunters' story-telling as the integrated way of knowledge transmission and communicating vernacular beliefs. We intend to demonstrate that although vernacular beliefs regulating hunting story-telling are widespread in the North, local practices enable us to reveal peculiarities of the tradition in a nuanced way. Our study is based on annual collaborative fieldwork trips to the Komi hunters, which began in 1996. During these years, we have recorded tens of hours of hunting stories and background data for the topic. Analysis of this material is based on the concept of vernacular mimetic mode of representation. We revealed that the Komi narrators communicate hunting skills and magical beliefs in the process of story-telling. The notion of “truth” is an important conceptual device that frames the story-telling practice. We discuss the Komi hunting narratives using an interpretation of vernacular ideology that we label the “aesthetics of confusion”. We will argue that in the vernacular understanding of hunting narratives, the Komi have a seemingly ambivalent and fluid, but at the same time strict, approach to the poetics of story-telling.     

现代史学语境下的经学认知——顾颉刚的经学批评探析

在经学与中国现代史学的演进中,顾颉刚是一位非常具有研究价值的典型人物,他对经学史、经学研究进行了全方位的评论。他批评汉代经学以通经致用为目的不惜造伪,在推崇宋代疑经辨伪的同时也批评宋儒"舍传求经"的弊病,肯定乾嘉学派实事求是的精神和今文经学家的辨伪之功。在治经理念和方法上,他总结了传统经学研究盲从门户、忽视原始经典文本、恪守"考信于六艺"等不足。顾颉刚以历史发展的眼光看待经学史的演变,经学态度也由激进趋于温和,并试图建立现代经学研究的新范式,其目的是修正传统经学中的种种流弊与缺失,更好地为现代史学研究服务。     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.