CONSUMERS AS COPRODUCERS OF PUBLIC SERVICES: SOME ECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL CONSIDERATIONS

The concept of coproduction of public services has captured increased attention as a potential means of increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of local government. In this article we explore the concept of coproduction in an effort to sharpen the definition of that concept and add rigor to our understanding of the effects of coproduction in local service delivery and the processes by which coproductive activity occurs.     

TIN-RICH SURFACES ON BRONZE–SOME EXPERIMENTAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Tin-rich surfaces found on bronze antiquities may be the result of man-made or natural processes. The difficulties encountered in distinguishing between these processes are discussed and illustrated with reference to the surface structures obtained on experimentally tinned copper and bronze. Heat treatments were carried out on the experimental material to allow observation of the growth of the intermetallic compound layers on the surface, and of changes that occur at various significant temperatures. The experimental reduction of cassiterite directly onto the surface of copper and bronze is illustrated for the first time. Examples of tin-rich surfaces found on various antiquities are illustrated and are compared with the experimental material for interpretation. Scanning electron microscopy and microanalysis were the primary tools used in this study.     

技术学习与创新:经济地理学的视角

技术学习与创新是20世纪90年代以来经济地理学研究的核心领域之一,它与"异端经济学"之间的互动,既促进了经济地理学的繁荣和学科地位的提升,也为"异端经济学"对技术学习与创新的研究提供了独特的地理视角。本文试图全面梳理经济地理学技术学习与创新研究兴起与深化的过程,从地理接近与面对面交流,关系接近与实践社区,制度接近、嵌入、路径依赖与创新场三个既相互争论又高度互补的方面,来系统阐述技术学习与创新的经济地理机制,并针对当前研究的局限性提出了建构高层次综合的技术学习创新与区域发展理论的设想。     

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN THE USSR, 1970-1988: PART I (PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY)

The first of two articles devoted to spatial and temporal trends in economic development and levels of living within the USSR focuses on changes in the pattern of absolute and per capita economic output—national income produced and gross value of industrial output (at the republic and economic regional level, respectively). It then investigates the question of whether divergence or convergence has occurred among republics and economic regions in terms of these indicators. Finally, it assesses patterns of change in labor and capital productivity across Soviet republics.     

海外“乡村复兴”研究——脉络走向与理论反思

海外乡村复兴研究涉及乡村社会学、乡村地理学和乡村经济学三大学科。从这三大学科出发,遵循着“点-线-面”的研究逻辑,本文首先从学术背景和社会背景两方面来考察“乡村复兴研究缘何兴起”;其次从研究主题和研究共识两方面来探究“何谓乡村复兴”;再次从研究视角和研究方法两方面来论述海外学者“从事怎样的乡村复兴研究”;最后从研究论点和研究焦点两方面来讨论学者们“从事什么内容的乡村复兴研究”。在梳理和总结好海外乡村复兴研究的基础上,本文提出了海外乡村复兴研究对于国内研究的四点启示和借鉴。     

压胜钱及相关问题略论

压胜钱是我国古代钱币与民俗、民风渊 源关系的一种体现。历代压胜钱官方与民间 均有铸造,材料一般是金、银、铜、锡、象 牙,其中尤以铜居多。其铸造目的主要用于 馈赠、玩赏、配饰、卜卦等,种类繁多,形 制各异。压胜钱上面的图案多与历史上的宗 教文化、民间艺术、社会风俗、神秘文化有 关,文化内涵极其丰富。 北宋《宣和博古图》中最早记载了压胜钱 的情况,书中说,“李孝美《图谱》有永安五 男钱……孝美号之曰‘厌胜钱’”。此外,南宋 洪遵《泉志》、清张端木《钱录》、翁树培《古 泉汇考》、初尚龄《吉金所见录》、倪模《古今 钱…     

TIN AND PREHISTORIC MINING IN THE ERZGEBIRGE (ORE MOUNTAINS): SOME NEW EVIDENCE

Summary. A number of settlements and other traces of occupation have been identified in the mountainous areas near to tin and copper deposits in the Erzgebirge, and some of them excavated. The newly collected evidence seems to suggest that many small sources of metals, both tin and copper, were exploited, the former metal by washing from the river and creek beds. Though these sources were more modest than the British and Spanish tin supply, they seem to have served the Bohemian and Saxon Bronze Age cultures well.     

THE GREEN ECONOMY AND POST‐GROWTH REGIMES: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY

While mainstream economic geography is doing increasing research on green manufacturing and services, with a few notable exceptions, its predominant conceptual approaches to emerging modes of economic orientation continue to examine economic transitions somewhat unreflexively within the context of traditional growth paradigms. The aim of this article is to explore and critically examine neoliberal discourses on the green economy and smart growth by exploring contributions to debates on green economics proposed by ideas linked to post‐growth economies. Based on studies by scholars such as Tim Jackson and Serge Latouche, the article examines the contours of debates on post‐growth, décroissance (de‐growth) and prosperity without growth. We begin by examining growth debates and existing contributions by economic and other geographers to the exploration of alternatives to conventional growth‐centred economics. We then identify some emergent spatial facets of post‐growth transitions and utilize these to explore potential research topics and opportunities for empirical and conceptual contributions by economic geographers to academic and societal debates on economic transitions and post‐growth paradigms. Particular attention is paid to approaches currently discussed in economic geography, such as socio‐technical transition studies.