新中国两个30年与中国特色社会主义道路

新中国的60年,以中共十一届三中全会为界可大体分为前后两个30年。如何认识这两个30年的关系,不仅决定着对新中国60年的整体评价,而且影响着对中国特色社会主义道路的认识。两个30年之间虽然存在很大差别,但本质上是社会主义社会两个不同的发展阶段。新中国头30年提供的根本政治前提、雄厚的物质基础、有利的国际条件和正反两方面的经验,为中国特色社会主义道路提供了必要准备。改革开放后30年,我们党在基本理论、政治体制、经济体制、意识形态工作、国际战略等等一系列重大问题上,实现了对前30年的巨大超越。后30年是对前30年的完善和发展,两个30年共同促进了中国特色社会主义道路的形成。离开其中任何一个30年,这条道路都不可能是完整的。     

“一国两制”与香港

邓小平建设有中国特色社会主义理论的一个重大发展,是按照“一国两制”的科学构想实现祖国的和平统一。他说：我们的社会主义制度是有中国特色的社会主义制度,这个特色,很重要的一个内容就是对香港、澳门、台湾问题的处理,就是‘一国两制’。这是个新事物。”①“一国两制”的基本内涵对于～国两制”的基本内涵,邓小平指出：“我们的政策是实行‘一个国家,两种制度’,具体说,就是在中华人民共和国内,十亿人口的大陆实行社会主义制度,香港、台湾实行资本主义制度。”②中共中央宣传部于1995年5月发表的《邓小平同志建设有中国特色…     

中国特色社会主义理论体系形成的思想渊源研究综述

中国特色社会主义理论体系形成的思想渊源问题研究,是中国特色社会主义理论体系研究的重要课题。理论界对此进行了多层面、多视角研究,主要观点有:"马克思主义渊源"说、"毛泽东思想渊源"说、"传统文化渊源"说、"实践创造渊源"说、"综合渊源"说。     

再析"中国特色社会主义"之"特色"

“中国特色社会主义”的“特色”问题是九十年代初理论界关注的一个热点问题,经过十几年的发展以及党的十六大召开后,这一问题又有了更深更广的内容和含义,需要我们作出一些新的认识和研究,本从四个层面上,即从“特色社会主义”与“传统社会主义”、前一阶段之“特色”与后一阶段之“特色”、“有中国特色”与“中国特色”与其它“特色”的比较中对此问题进行了分析。     

习近平新时代美好生活重要论述探究——基于社会主义核心价值观视角

新时代中国背景之下,美好生活的叙事显现出具有中国特色的时代语境。共建美好生活源自人类对美好社会的追求,从词源上对"美好生活"话语进行追溯确有必要。"美好生活"话语是贯穿于社会主义核心价值观的现实主线,呈现出社会主义核心价值观的全部内容。深入探究美好生活与社会主义核心价值观二者间的辩证关系,回应中国特色的现实逻辑问题,有助于正确把握"美好生活"话语整体性的内在逻辑。     

关于邓小平理论是一个科学体系的思考

正确理解和把握邓小平建设有中国特色社会主义理论的科学体系,是当前把这一理论的学习和研究引向深入的关键。本文试图就这一问题作一些初步思考。 为什么说建设有中国特色社会主义理论正在走向成熟,已经形成了一个科学体系?原因有三: 一、建设有中国特色社会主义理论作为一个科学体系,经历了一个较长的历史过程,经过了几次比较大的理论概括才逐步形成和发展起来的。     

浅析中国特色社会主义理论体系的发展历程

以毛泽东为核心的中共第一代中央领导集体奠定了中国特色社会主义的基础。以邓小平为核心的中共第二代中央领导集体在十二大上第一次提出"建设有中国特色的社会主义"的命题。在之后的十五年里随着中国特色社会主义新道路的开辟和不断拓展,十五大上正式将这个理论命名为"邓小平理论"。以江泽民为核心的中共第三代中央领导集体提出的"三个代表"重要思想把中国特色社会主义理论推进到一个新阶段。中共十六大以来,以胡锦涛为核心的中共第四代中央领导集体围绕建设中国特色社会主义这个主题,提出科学发展观的思想,丰富和发展了中国特色社会主义理论。十七大报告对中国特色社会主义理论体系作了深刻论述,提出了"科学发展观",是马克思主义中国化的最新成果。     

对有中国特色社会主义文化建设的思考

党的十五大报告明确指出：“社会主义现代化应该有繁荣的经济，也应该有繁荣的文化”，“全党必须从社会主义兴旺发达和民族振兴的高度，充分认识文化建设的重要性和紧迫性”，“只有经济、政治、文化协调发展，只有两个文明都搞好，才是有中国特色社会主义”。我国社会主义现代化建设正处在承前启后，继往开来的关键时刻，认真贯彻十五大精神，努力建设有中国特色社会主义文化，应当说，是关系到社会主义事业发展与成败的重大问题。一、有中国特色社会主义文化建设是我国发展战略中不可分割的一部分，它与经济、政治建设一样，同为立国之本…     

试论精神文明建设和文化建设的关系

党的十一届三中全会以后,我们党先后向全党和全国人民提出了建设社会主义精神文明和建设有中国特色社会主义文化的任务（以下简称“两个建设”）。正确理解和把握这“两个建设”的相互关系,是我们搞好社会主义精神文明建设和有中国特色社会主义文化建设的重要前提。一、“两个建设”提出的历史思路要正确理解和把握社会主义精神文明建设和有中国特色社会主义文化建设的关系,我们有必要首先弄清楚这“两个建设”提出的历史脉络。（一）社会主义精神文明建设是伴随改革开放而逐步提出并在实践中得以坚持和发展的。社会主义精神文明建设是在…     

论邓小平的社会主义观——纪念邓小平同志诞辰110周年

邓小平的社会主义观集中体现在"邓小平理论"和关于中国特色社会主义的理论和实践中。邓小平坚持和发展了马列主义、毛泽东思想关于社会主义的思想理论和实践经验,紧密结合中国实际、时代特征和国际共产主义运动的实际,创造性地从根本上回答了"什么是社会主义,怎样建设社会主义"的一系列基本问题,开辟了建设有中国特色社会主义的道路,创立了建设有中国特色社会主义的基本理论,创造性地继承、丰富和发展马克思主义的科学社会主义,是扎根当代中国的科学社会主义。     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.