论西湖景观对日本传统风景营造的影响

杭州西湖是中国传统山水审美的核心意象,同时也对日本的庭园与风景营造产生过深刻的影响。本文通过叙述西湖审美文化在日本的传播简史,分析17世纪后日本传统庭园和城市景观营造手法中所受西湖的影响,呈现了日本对于西湖景观学习和鉴赏的三个阶段。     

“民族记忆”如何在中华文化视野中建构——诗人娜夜的启示

诗人娜夜在当代诗坛占有重要地位。作为少数民族诗人,她很少强调她的民族身份,诗中也未见鲜明的民族性。实际上,她诗中的“民族记忆”是以一种隐性方式呈现,诸如神、天堂等词语漫不经心的显现、“鹰”的意象频繁使用等,这些都与她的民族身份有着密不可分的关系。换一种角度而言,是民族文化交流交融的展现,民族记忆的呈现要立足于整个中华文化的基点之上,并且要将个人民族记忆融入整个中华文化视野中进行建构。     

东西互鉴：胡适诗学与意象主义关系再考察

胡适诗学致力于意象的构建与运用,主张以白话入诗,推崇朴实简约的诗风,追求诗体大解放。这与同时代大洋彼岸由埃兹拉·庞德引领的意象派主张有诸多相似之处。基于跨文化的视角,我们不难发现,这两个文学事件间的关系实际上源远流长,彼此遥相呼应,构成了一道特殊的文学景观。胡适的诗学思想是其中国基础、美国经验以及意象主义者的中国想象这三重资源碰触、融合的结果,是东西互鉴的产物,是中美文学、文化交流双向性特点的典型呈现。     

“燕”与“雁”的诗语意象分析

“燕”与“雁”很早就进入了文学创作之中,经长久反复运用后获得了固定性的情感指向,作为稳定的所指形成了诗语的意象结构。本文分析了“燕”与“雁”这两个诗语意象的形成、固定及丰富。     

茫茫亭内茫茫吟——清初博尔都悼亡诗艺术浅析

作为清初宗室文人的一员,博尔都生不得志,始终处于政治的边缘;而总角失怙、中年又丧妻失子的种种不幸,使他的诗包含了大量感伤的因素.就其悼亡诗来看,他从意象的择取、典型语词的选用等方面都形成了自己的特色,并延及生命意识的表现层面,融入对人生的思索,颇有成就.     

论郑珍诗歌的生命意识

有“清诗第一”之誉的郑珍在道成时期亲历了各种劫难,在贫病、播迁以及亲邻的死丧中求生,对生死等问题有着比同时代人更为深刻的体认与思索.他将这种体认与思索引入诗歌创作中,使其诗彰显出强烈而深刻的生命意识.这种生命意识表现在三个方面:对生之短暂的焦虑与化解;在枉死与顺生之间的抉择;对天道的质疑与接受.此三方面将一个衰乱之世底层文人对生命价值的思索以及命运的困惑与挣扎展现出来,不仅增加了郑珍诗歌的厚度与高度,也为我们了解清季文人的生存心态提供了一种鲜活的参照.     

日本古代“初子仪式”考辨

本文据日本正仓院所藏文物及相关文献资料考证认为：日本奈良时代后期（天平宝字二年公元758年）孝谦天皇于奈良内宫举行的“初子祭”（又称初子仪式）乃中国古代“躬耕帝籍”与“躬桑亲蚕”祭祀仪式的联合搬演。它表明了中国礼制文化对日本的传承关系,同时也显示出公元6-8世纪间日本古代政治中强烈的“东方小中华”意识。     

松尾芭蕉俳句美学价值论略

松尾芭蕉俳句美学价值论略孙维才于逢春一、引言日本江户时代（１６０３—１８６８）的松尾芭蕉（１６４４—１６９４）在继承前人创作的基础上大胆革新，在日本俳句史上开了一代新风。他追求风雅，创作了大量具有艺术价值和美学价值的俳句，并以其作品的特殊风格——“闲...     

生命的尊重与信仰——论汪曾祺小说的写作意义

汪曾祺作为"中国最后一个士大夫",深受传统文化冲淡美学思想的影响,对生活抱有一种理解和审美的态度。他的小说善于描写小人物的多彩生命,使其作品中处处洋溢着生命的灵动,蕴含了人类一种强烈又恬淡的生命意识。这种生命意识体现了其对生命的尊重与信仰,同时,此生命意识促发的诗意书写,对文学写作具有一定的借鉴意义。     

缥缈诗魂去时路

芭蕉在一首俳句中赞美春天的稻田,绿秧如青纱,俳句是一种短小的歌谣式诗体,以吟咏自然为核心。“忆昔西行歌,观赏播秧一畦毕,方离此柳去”。     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.