THE FIRST SOVIET CONFERENCE ON HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY

An attempt is made to demonstrate the need for a joint focus for microterritorial and socio-economic planning in small areas of cities. It is suggested that such a focus might be the territorial (spatial) structure, a derivative of the socio-economic structure of a territory that has long been the object of territorial planning at various levels. With particular reference to the transport services in the southernmost section of the city of Volgograd, it is shown how social processes are affected by the extent and the parameters of territory. Particular attention is given to the problem of “location,” including the meaning of “location” in microgeographic investigations.     

OBSERVATION: REDISCOVERING HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY IN THE LAND OF NORUMBEGA

Recent appraisals of historical geography range widely in their assessment of the field. Donald Meinig (1989), writing of 'The Historical Geography Imperative,' concludes: 'historical geography is not, has never been, just another item in the proliferating diversity of our grand enterprise. Rather, like physical and environmental geography, it is one of the foundations of the whole enterprise. In its own way historical geography encompasses and contributes to all of geography. Micheal Dear (1988) disagrees. In 'The postmodern challenge: Reconstructing human geography,' he states that historical geography is 'overde-termined,' and 'an empty concept' conveying 'few (if any) significant analytical distinctions …. He concludes that historical geography does 'little more than confirm what geography is about. Both writers agree on the pervasive and comprehensive nature of historical geography, but Dear sees this inclusiveness as more of a cincture, whereas Meinig conveys the fundamental and embracing understanding of geography inherent in the practice of historical geography.     

PLACE-NAME EVIDENCE IN THE HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF MOSCOW

The authors demonstrate that place names can help to reconstruct the changing geography of Moscow by identifying and localizing the stages of the city's growth, the development of its radial-circular layout, the absorption of adjoining villages, the distribution of handicrafts and industries, and the existence of hydrographic features and vegetative cover. (The translation was prepared by James R. Gibson of York University, Toronto.)     

THE JOY OF GEOGRAPHY*

I may be the first past president of the cag to come to the podium with two addresses ready for delivery. One is rather lengthy and formal, representative of some of my work during the last decade or so. The second is shorter and lighter in tone, rather personal, but hopefully it will be taken in the spirit in which it is offered.
I have, of course, been thinking about this address for months. A number of people have suggested that I should discuss topics of common interest, including resources management, historical geography, national parks and public land, conservation, cultural ecology, and the Canadian Arctic. In urging me to address these topics colleagues provided various reasons, ranging from neglect of the subject in Canadian geography to its relevance to public policy. I am grateful for this advice, which has not, however, prevented me from procrastinating in finally deciding upon a topic.     

THE SEVEN THEMES OF MUSIC GEOGRAPHY*

Music geography first emerged as a subfield of cultural geography c. 1970, During the past 25 years, a significant body of research has been published in scholarly journals, books, and reference works. Seven major themes are outlined in the formation of music geography: I - origins (non-‘geographical’); II - world distribution and types; III - location analysis; IV-source areas of musical activities; V - trends based on electricity; VI - impact of music on landscapes; and VII - global music. A view is offered of how an eighth theme (technological innovations) might develop on the basis of recent observations. La géographiede la musique est apparueau début comme un sous-domaine de la géographie de la culture aux alentours de 1970. Au cours des vingt-cinq dernières années, un grand nombre de travaux sur ce sujet a été publié dans des revues scientifiques, des livres et des ouvrages de référence. On peut cerner sept thèmes principauxdans la formation de la géographie de la musique: 1. les origines (non ‘géographiques’); 2. la répartition mondiale et les genres; 3. /‘analyse de /‘emplacement; 4. les sources régionales des activités musicales; 5. les tendances fondées sur l'électricité; 6. l'impact de la musique sur les paysages; 7. la musique globale. À partir de récentes observations, on propose une perspective sur l'élaboration éventuelle d'un huitième thème, à savoir les innovations technologiques. Mots-clés:géographie de la musique, géographie de la culture, sources régionales, paysage sonore, musique globale.     

THE TSIMSHIAN, THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY, AND THE GEOPOLITICS OF THE NORTHWEST COAST FUR TRADE, 1787–1840

The paper examines the first half-century of the fur trade on the Northwest Coast from the perspective of its First Nations participants. It focuses on the array of initiatives taken by Ligeex, a prominent Tsimshian chief, to insert non-native traders within the geopolitics of the indigenous world. The reconstruction is undertaken by linking Tsimshian oral narratives with Euro-American documentary sources.
ľarticle traite des cinquante premiéres années du commerce des fourrures sur la côte nord-ouest du point de vue des participants membres des Premiéres Nations. II se concentre sur la série ďinitiatives entreprises par Ligeex, un chef tsimshian de premier rang, afin ďincorporer les commerçants allochtones à la géopolitique du monde indigéne. La reconstruction est effectuée en reliant des narrations de la tradition orale tsimshiane à des sources documentaires euro-américaines.     

ON THE CONTENT AND THE TASKS OF HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY (AS THE HISTORY OF NATURE MANAGEMENT)

A Pleistocene geologist calls for a totally new approach to the study of geography as the basic discipline concerned with the man-nature relationship, or what he terms nature management (Russian, prirodopol'zovaniye). He views the basic study object of an essentially unified geography as natural-technical territorial complexes (biotechnocenoses or geotechnocenoses), requiring investigation in three time dimensions—the past (historical geography), the present (dynamic geography) and the future (predictive geography). In keeping with the proposition that historical geography should be a separate, unified discipline, a distinctive historical-geographic periodization is proposed, differing from the periodizations in use in paleogeography, anthropology, archeology and history.     

A TIBETAN COMPANY'S ROAD IN THE HOMETOWN OF YA'AN TEA

<正>With a reddish color,strong flavor,and smooth aftertaste,Ya'an Tibetan tea is a symbol of the unbreakable bond between the Tibetans and ethnic Han people.For us tea producers,Mingshan in Ya'an,Sichuan is a special place because it is the hometown of Tibetan brick tea.Our journey in Ya'an is one of hard work,happiness,and fulfillment.Namse Tibetan Tea Factory is now an     

A MICROMECHANICAL INELASTIC MODEL FOR HISTORICAL MASONRY

A micromechanical damage model for the Snite element modelling of historical masonry structures is presented in this article. Masonry is considered as a composite medium made up of a periodic assembly of blocks connected by orthogonal bed and head mortar joints. The constitutive equations, in plane stress, are based on the homogenisation theory and they consider the non linear stress-strain relationship in terms of mean stress and mean strain. Different in-plane damage mechanisms, involving both mortar and blocks, are considered and the damage process is governed by evolution laws based on an energetic approach derived from Fracture Mechanics and on a non-associated Coulomb friction law. The failure domain of the model is analysed both in the equivalent stress and in the principal stress space considering different orientations of the bed joints relative to the loading direction. A comparison with experimental results is provided. A numerical simulation of masonry walls subjected to horizontal forces proportional to their own weight is shown in order to discuss the model's capability of describing the influence of the masonry microstructure on its mechanical behaviour.