European Insiders Inside Washington

Pascaline Winand. Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the United States of Europe . New York: St. Martin's Press.
D iplomatic H istory , Vol. 20, No. 1 (Winter 1996).     

The World According to Washington

Henry Blumenthal. Illusion and Reality in Franco-American Diplomacy , 1914–1945
Julian G. Hurstfield. America and the French Nation, 1939–194.5     

Thoughtlessness: Rumsfeld in Washington

This review article considers the case of Donald Rumsfeld and his disastrous tenure as US Secretary of Defense (2001–2006), as recounted by Rumsfeld himself in his memoirs and other writings, and in interviews with the celebrated documentary filmmaker Errol Morris, for The unknown known (2014). In all of these works he appears completely unreconstructed; indeed, remarkably self‐satisfied. The article reflects on Rumsfeld as operator and courtier, and Morris's pursuit of a man without qualities, with reference to Hannah Arendt's notion of ‘the banality of evil’.     

Rethinking the Emerging Post‐Washington Consensus

The objective of this article is to provide a critical assessment of the emerging Post‐Washington Consensus (PWC), as the new influential vision in the development debate. The authors begin by tracing the main record of the Washington Consensus, the set of neoliberal economic policies propagated largely by key Bretton Woods institutions like the World Bank and the IMF, that penetrated into the economic policy agendas of many developing countries from the late 1970s onwards. They then outline the main tenets of the PWC, emerging from the shortcomings of that record and the reaction it created in the political realm. The authors accept that the PWC, in so far as it influences the actual practice of key Bretton Woods institutions, provides an improvement over the Washington Consensus. Yet, at the same time, they draw attention to the failure of the PWC, as reflected in current policy practice, to provide a sufficiently broad framework for dealing with key and pressing development issues such as income distribution, poverty and self‐sustained growth.     

旅美华侨与华盛顿会议

依据《申报》、《晨报》、《民国日报》、《大公报》等报刊在华盛顿会议前后的相关报道,对旅美华侨的活动进行梳理考察,认为旅美华侨对华盛顿会议极为关注,如会前要求南方政府派代表与会,会中及时通告国外信息,联络在美国民代表、留学生批驳不利舆论,监督政府代表,反对直接交涉与借款赎路,一定程度上博得了国际舆论的同情与支持。旅美华侨的活动对华盛顿会议产生了积极的影响。     

华盛顿会议与中国民众运动

第一次世界大战结束,美国由于未能在巴黎和会上满足其在远东地区扩张势力的目的而又积极倡议召开华盛顿会议来讨论远东和太平洋问题,以求拆散原有的英日同盟,打击日本在东方的优势,以建立自己在远东的霸权,而英国也深感日本发展趋势的威胁,迫切希望重新调整帝国主义在东方的势力均衡关系。因此经英、美共同发起、并由美国出面召开有英、美、法、意、日、中六国参加的华盛顿会议,后又增加荷兰、比利时及葡萄牙而成为九国会议。美国于１９２１年８月１３日向中、日、英、法、意等国发出正式邀请;１６日,北京政府表示与会,成立“太平…     

Wareham West Walls

THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL WORK which has been carried out in Norwegian towns in recent years has resulted in the medieval town being regarded as a single monument. Permanent excavation offices have been established in the most important medieval towns. Survey accounts of archaeological data and other relevant information form important tools for safeguarding archaeological interests, both in connection with excavation and with the administrative co-ordination of the clauses in the Cultural Heritage Act. The large number of excavations in recent years has left little time for research but this is now being given the highest priority.     

西湖荷韵

<正>南宋杨万里"毕竟西湖六月中,风光不与四时同;接天莲叶无穷碧,映日荷花别样红"一诗,成为了西湖荷花的千古绝唱,杭州西湖也成为观赏荷花的胜地。荷花,为毛茛目睡莲科莲属多年生水生草本花卉,又名莲花、水芙蓉、芙蕖、菡萏、水宫仙子、君子花等等。地下茎长而肥厚,有长节,叶盾圆形。花期6至9月,单生于花梗顶端,花瓣多数嵌生在花托穴内,有红、粉红、白、