阎摩敌《释量论庄严疏·极善清净释》导论部分摹写本——10a1-14b2（英文）

正This is the second part of the diplomatic edition of Yamāri’s Pramā■avārttikāla■kāra■īkāSupari?uddhā,the continuation of the part published before.1 In the part published here,Yamāri explains Praj?ākaragupta’s two initial verses,i.e.,folios 10a1-12a3 on PVA 1,and 12a3-14b2 on PVA2.     

现代中国背景下藏族宗教的代际传承研究——以九寨沟国家公园为例（英文）

<正>Since the Reform and Opening-up in 1978,Tibetan area has been through a rapid social,cultural and economic change.A number of studies have focused on economic development1,Tibetan moder nization2,educational development3 and women’s changing status4 etc.As heated topics,cultural protection and inheritance have also     

THE PAIRS OF COOKS IN THE ROYAL DINING HALL AND THE AKITI CALENDAR DURING SULGI45 - 48

Wu Yuhong published an article on the animals issued to the 6-uz-ga institution and its two cooks, in addition to two articles on the Calendar starting from the Month of Akiti in Puzris-Dagan, in 1996, 2000 and 2002. From 2006, more and more Puzris-Dagan texts have been available to us through BDTNS and CDLI online, and this situation urged us to revise and make a complete archive of the four pairs of cooks （muhaldim） working in the e-uz-ga dining hall,     

Tibetan livelihoods and the ‘Great Development of the West’:Modernization,pastoral resources,and the ‘urban future’ of the grasslands

1.Introduction Rural livelihoods in Tibet2 have,during the last fifteen years,undergone fast and profound processes of economic transformation and state-led modernization,both in the TAR and the Eastern parts of the Tibetan plateau.Local life styles have changed at a pace rarely seen in an area where people subsisted,until the late 1990s,almost entirely on nomadic mobile livestock production.New local socio-economic structures with peculiar characteristics have emerged.They include the decline of traditional livestock-based (mobile) pastoralism;the emergence of a ‘post-pastoral’ economy based on the extraction of medicinal fungi for Chinese and international markets;and the emergence,often from below,of new arrangements governing rangeland access and usage.     

Lady Avengers in Jin He＇s （1818-1885） Narrative Verse of Female Knight-Errantry

Jin He 金和 (1818–1885), a pioneering poet of mid-nineteenth century China, wrote in a colloquial style strongly influenced by the ballad tradition. Jin’s style was prose-like and broke all the structural limitations of earlier poetry in order to create formal innovations, while at the same time experimenting with new subject matter. Liang Qichao 梁啟超 (1873–1929) and Hu Shi 胡適 (1891–1962) considered Jin He and Huang Zunxian 黃遵憲 (1848–1905) to be the major poets of the nineteenth century. Jin had a major impact both on other late nineteenth-century poets and on the “Poetic Revolution” that led to the rise of modern Chinese literature. However, his verse has been largely ignored ever since. Among the most striking contributions Jin made to the literary transition in the nineteenth century was his innovation in presenting the female knight-errant 女俠 (nüxia). This invented image of the female knight-errant reflected a new tradition of women’s voices in the literary works of his time, and had a great impact on the representation of swordswomen in modern literature. This paper examines how the image of nüxia in Jin’s writing is distinct from those found in past poetry, how the female knight-errant in Jin’s works inverts conventional gender norms, and how Jin’s female knight-errant image is both connected with and distinct from those in other literary forms.     

A College Student's Rural Journey: Early Sociology and Anthropology in China Seen through Fieldwork on Sichuan's Secret Society

This paper focuses on the investigators of rural society in the Republican period,specifically research made through fieldwork on the Gowned Brothers (or,Paoge) in 1940s Sichuan.It takes up one such investigator,Shen Baoyuan—a student at Yenching University;her youthful work never became published or recognized.The present study reveals how the pioneers of Chinese sociology and anthropology,who called themselves "rural activists," tried to understand rural China.It argues that the developments in those fields in China of the 1920s and 1940s made it possible for us today to have a better understanding of the contemporary rural problems.The investigators played an important role in the Rural Construction and Rural Education Movements in Republican China.They show us how Western sociology and anthropology were localized in order to answer "Chinese questions" and to solve "Chinese problems." As source material,these investigations have given us rich records,which in turn have become precious sources and historical memories of rural China's past.     

传统藏陶传承千年再焕新生

Traditional Tibetan pottery has a long history and comes in varying categories and shapes,making it one of ethnic Tibetans’ most refined forms of cultural art.Today,however,very few craftsmen have been able to fully pass on the pottery-making process,and pottery makers have disappeared from the map entirely in some places.     

Singing Soundly with Gratitude

Before seeing Asgen I had imagined a girl who has been on the stage of various parties on CCTV(China Central Television)many times for such a young age.She might have the air of a star but when I saw her the first time,my former suspicions all vanished right away.Before me,was a Tibetan girl who is so pretty,nice and easy going. When Asgen did the interview with me,the sunshine shone through the window and it was warm and peaceful in the room.As she spoke to me, her eyes were attentive and her voice seemed to penetrate one’s heart with enchantment.     

西藏羌塘地区野生动物保护和利用的可持续机制(英文)

<正>Wildlife Resources in the Chang Tang Region"The Chang Tang"(byangthang)refers to the northern region of Tibet,where due to harsh climatic conditions and lack of roads the region has also been referred to as a"no man’s land."This land has become a paradise for wildlife,and shields them from human disturbance.The species living in the region have adapted to the harsh conditions through millennia of nature selection,and many species are endemic to Tibetan plateau.Ungulate species with large populations in the Chang Tang region include Tibetan wild ass(Kiang/rkyang),wild yak,Tibetan antelope,Tibetan argali,Tibetan gazelle and blue sheep.     

宝藏寂对佛性的理解（英文）

<正>The Ratnagotravibhāga(abbr.RGV)was very likely composed sometime around ~(th)e 4~(th) or 5~(th) century in India.But traces of the RGV fell into obscurity after ~(th)e late 6~(th) century,and again begin to appear after the early 11th century.To clarify the text’s resurrection after the early 11~(th) century,I have studied the earliest masters of this period who quote the RGV,namely Maitrīpa     

唐高力士墓发掘简报

Gao Lishi is the most celeberated eunuch in China‘s history. He served the emperor Tang Xuan zong(Li longji) all his life, and gained almost the first rank official position.At 762 A.D.,he was died in his 73, and was buried near the emperor‘s mausoleum named Tai Ling next year, which located at Shanxi village, Pucheng county. The tomb composed of a vamp, four narrow patios-like spaces, three passages, six niches, a brick corridor and tomb chamber, simple murals were painted on the both side of the ramp, the corridor and the chamber wall, but most of them were destroyed. Fancy patterns were carved on the surfuces of the stone tomb-gate and the stone coffin bed. More than two handred pottery statues were found in the miches, including housemen, servants and animals such as horses, pigs, camels, dogs, rabbits and so on. Some bones found in the coffin bed have been authenticated that belong to a man older than sixty. It is unusaal that the epitaph stone is vectangular. The epitaph narrated Gao‘s original name, ancestry, feats, official positions and his fanmily,ect. Excavation of this tomb provide valuable date for the research of Tang dynasty history, and we can see that Gao Lishi was down and out at his death from the tomb structure and the relics.     

浙江地区西汉墓葬的分期

The author researched by stages into Western Han Dynasty‘s tomb in Zhejiang Prefecture in this article depending on relative archaeological data. And through comprehensive analysis, the author discovered that the Ding(an ancient cooking vessel with two loop handles and three or four legs) and box at main glazed pottery from being buried with their master had relatively special position; the models of storehouse and the cooking stove that were very popular in central plains of China were discovered much fewer in Zhejiang prefecture; the formation and regulation of Western Han Dynasty tomb tombs in Zhejinang prefecture are very different as compared with central plains of China and they have rich local character.     

Wide-bodied Airbus Makes SUCCESSFUL Maiden Flight to Lhasa

CAAC Southwest Airline＇s wide-bodied Airbus A330- 200 made its maiden flight, CA4401, to arrive smoothly at Lhasa Gonggar Airport at 9：50 a.m. on June 11 bringing 258 passengers. Another two Airbus A330s join the Air China fleet before July 6. These new planes choose high-performance engines that have been through special technological modification to operate on the high Tibetan plateau and they will become main aircraft on the Lhasa mute. This has been the sixth aircraft type introduced after the first Ilyushin 11-18, and then Boeing 707, Boeing 757, Airbus 340 and Airbus 319 on Tibetan flights since CAAC began operating the Chengdu-Lhasa route 41 years ago.     

The view of life and death in different poems

The view of life and death is the fundamental in human’s life, is a nation’s, or a country’s most intrinsic and most profound value about human life, it is also an important theme of ethics and philosophy. The celebration of life and for centuries, they all take life and death seriously, but they also have different views towards death and life. This article will center on major American poets such as Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost, Walt Whitman and so on. This article will try to have a discussion on the basis of ethical review and interpretation about the view of life and death, to reveal the similarities and differences about the view of life and death in different poets’ poems, to find a method for us to learn about how to adapt to the modern civilization on the basis of ethical review and interpretation, how to understand human life and death how to face life and death, how to survive beyond life and death how to live a wonderful life through understanding human life and death in a proper way.     

Taking a Taxi IN LHASA

Downtown Lhasa covers an area of 52 square km, and has a resident population of 180,000. In the early 1980s, roads were paved with dirt and the citizens relied on bicycles for intra-city travel. Two bus routes emerged in the mid-1980s, and city roads were widened and asphalted in the 1990s.With Tibet's door opening wider to the outside world, more visitors are coming to Lhasa. Cashing in on the opportunity, a taxi service appeared in the 1980s.Nowadays, there are some 1,100 cabs plying city streets. A considerable number are the Volkswagen Santana model. Although distance meters have been installed, taxi drivers love to charge customers at the fixed rate of 10 Yuan for inner-city travel.     

＂Bankers Are Stingy？＂ Re-Examining Stock Exchanges and Public Debt in Prewar Shanghai （1920s-1930s）

This review article surveys new studies of China＇s economy in the early twentieth century that have been published in both China and the West. It analyses the nuances that we find in these recently published studies and how those might improve our conventional understanding of the era, with particular emphasis on the link between fiscal revenue and stock-exchanges. First, a detailed introduction treats the evolution, beginning in the nineteenth century, of Shanghai＇s segmented stock exchanges in the context of wider global currents. Section two reprises the still common notion that heavy domestic borrowing by the Nationalist （Kuornintang, or GMD） government in the 1920s-1930s forestalled industrialization. Section three discusses at length the degree to which Chinese banks in that period may be seen as merely a GMD conduit of borrowing. Chinese banks were probably more conducive to Shanghai＇s industrialization than is usually acknowledged, and they also played a key role in stabilizing China＇s monetary environment well beyond their perceived focus on managing public debt. But more evidence needs to come to light, and this article sets out the areas in which future research might advance our knowledge. The conclusion will underscore how the various findings of scholars might, as a whole, remould current conceptions.     

ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY：FROM INSTITUTIONS TO IDEOLOGY

Of all the Greek cities in the classical period, Athens is the one for which we have by far the greatest range and quantity of evidence.Therefore, Athenian history - and in particular Athenian democracy - has been a major subject of twentieth century scholarship. From the vast number of valuable works dedicated to Athenian democracy we should like to name C. Hignett＇s History of the Athenian Constitution （1952）, A. H. M. Jones＇ Athenian democracy （1957）, R. K. Sinclair＇s Democracy and Participation in Athens （1988）, J. Ober＇s Mass and Elite in Democratic Athens （1989）, M.H.Hansen＇s The Athenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes （1991）, which ever since have been indispensable reference books for teachers and students in ancient Greek history. Although study of Athenian democracy has been going on for more than a century, many questions have not been settled yet. At the turn of the new century, Rhodes has brought forward his new book ＇Athenian Democracy＇. In fact, it is a collection of academic theses, but it certainly will necessitate much reconsideration of scholars in the field of ＇Athenian democracy＇. Te work consists of fourteen articles, each illuminating Athenian democracy from different angels and by different kinds of approaches. The articles are organized into four major topics as follows.