新年寄语

物换星移 ,年复一年 ,今又新年。在过去的一年里 ,《近代史研究》在中国社会科学院第二届优秀期刊评奖活动中 ,有幸与《中国社会科学》、《经济研究》、《中国工业经济》、《中国语文》、《文学评论》、《哲学研究》、《考古》、《东欧中亚研究》及《民族研究》等 9家杂志一起荣获一等奖。我们深感 ,此中心血和汗水 ,既有本刊同仁的一半 ,也有长期支持本刊的作者、专家及读者的一半 ,甚至一多半。我们谨在此向各位热情赐稿的作者、严格把关的专家和时刻关心本刊的读者朋友表示衷心的感谢。然而 ,荣誉只能说明过去 ,明天的辉煌才是我们永远的…     

Tibetan New Year's Day

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Tibetan New Year's Day Celebration

InancientTibet,NewYear'sDaytookplaceinsummeLWhenthewheatbecameripe,anewyearbegan.InKongbo.easternTibetNewYear'sDaytookplaceonthefirstdayofthelothmonthoftheTibetancal-endarKongbo,anareawithalonghisto-ry,emergedlongbeforetheriseoftheTuboXingdom.Itwasalsothe…     

Economic Support for New Year's Day

ＥｃｏｎｏｍｉｃＳｕｐｐｏｒｔｆｏｒＮｅｗＹｅａｒｓＤａｙＷｈｅｎｔｈｅ１９９８ＴｉｂｅｔａｎＮｅｗＹｅａｒａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｅｄ,ＷｅｖｉｓｉｔｅｄＬｈａｓａ．ＯｎｅｄａｙｗｈｅｎｗｅｗａｌｋｅｄａｌｏｎｇＢａｒｋｏｒＳｔｒｅｅｔ,ａｎｄｃａｍｅ...     

从《二年律令》看汉律对渎职罪的处罚

《二年律令》严厉打击失职行为和渎职犯罪。小至使用驿传不当化公为私、监管偷税漏税失察,大到把守关卡不严、打击“强盗”不力等等。因行贿受贿而徇私枉法、“鞫狱故不直”、“故纵弗刑”、狱吏殴打刑徒致死等司法失职渎职行为,受到汉律的特别关注。对于失职渎职的处罚,有罚金、徒刑直至死刑,轻重的依据是情节、性质和后果的不同。对于勾结诸侯、司法渎职等犯罪行为,汉律处罚起来特别严厉,“弃市”、“腰斩”、灭族等残酷刑种在《二年律令》中都出现了。汉律所惩治的渎职行为涵盖了社会公务的方方面面,表达出汉初统治者对吏治状况的焦虑和整顿吏治的决心,体现了汉王朝为建立二个高效廉洁政府所做的努力。     

嘉祥木版年画及灯画

嘉祥位于鲁西南,是宗圣曾子的故乡,现属济宁市,东揖儒都曲阜,西览菏泽牡丹,北依代出好汉的梁山,面朝烟波浩淼的微山湖,文化古迹众多,自然环境优美,富有人文历史文化特色,是齐鲁文化研究区域的重要组成部分。嘉祥木版年画及灯画,就是在这片传统文化和民间文化沃土上绽放的一朵小花。     

New Year's Day in Scotland, 1909

L'ANNÉE SOCIOLOGIQUE, publiée sous la direction de Émile Durkheim, Professeur de Sociologie à la Faculté des Lettres de l'Université de Bordeaux. Quatrieme Année (1899–1900). Paris: Félix Alcan. 1901. Reviewed by E. Sidney Hartland.

THE LEGEND OF SIR LANCELOT DU LAC By JESSIE L. WESTON. (Grimm Library, vol. xii.) D. NUTT. 1901. Reviewed by Walter W. Greg.

STORIES OF THE HIGH-PRIESTS OF MEMPHIS. By F. Ll. GRIFFITH. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1900. Reviewed by A. H. Sayce.

DE DIIS IN LOCIS EDITIS CULTIS APUD GRÆCOS. Casparus Albers. Zutphaniæ, W. J. Thieme &; Cie., 1901. Reviewed by E. Sidney Hartland.

FABLES AND FOLKTALES FROM AN EASTERN FOREST. By W. SKEAT. Cambridge University Press. 7s. 6d.

INDIAN FABLES. By RAMASWAMI RAJU. Swan Sonnenschein. 5s.

RECORDS OF WOMEN'S CONFERENCE ON THE HOME LIFE OF CHINESE WOMEN. November, 1900. Reviewed by E. Sidney Hartland.     

清入关后宫廷元旦筵宴述略

清官元旦筵宴,无论是宴会的礼仪典制．还是筵宴的举行与否,入关前后存在明显的差别。入关前的元旦筵宴,其政治目的非常明确．不轻易取消。入关初期的元旦筵宴经历了过渡时期．一方面仍然保留着入关前的一些习惯、另一方面通过确立宴会礼仪树立皇帝的绝对威严。典制具备的清宫元旦筵宴弥漫着皇权至上的气氛。     

Budgetary Crisis and Congressional Spending

Dennis S. Ippolito, Congressional Spending .
Lance T. LeLoup, The Fiscal Congress .
Rudolph G. Penner, editor, The Congressional Budget Process After Five Years .
Allen Schick, Congress and Money .     

A New and Extended Case for Lunar (and Solar) Astronomy at the Newark Earthworks

Abstract

The Middle Woodland period Newark Earthworks in Newark, Ohio, are the largest known set of connected, geometrical earthworks ever constructed. An analysis of available evidence (survey, topographical, statistical, and archaeological) shows that the geometry of this Hopewell complex and its relation to the surrounding terrain can be understood in terms of astronomical alignments to the Sun and Moon. The geometrical structure of the site is consistently aligned with extremes in the 18.6-year cycle of lunar standstills. An understanding of the topographical context is presented by identifying four hilltops connected by lunar standstill alignments to long linear features of the Earthworks and connected to each other by alignments to the Sun at the solstices. The number and accuracy of the alignments together with Monte Carlo studies showing the low likelihood of chance producing such results suggest that Newark was aligned with unprecedented accuracy both to regional topographical features and astronomical phenomena.     

Political Attention and Public Spending in the United States

According to Jones and Baumgartner's disproportionate information processing model, it is crucial to study fluctuations in congressional attention over time and across policy issues to understand congressional policy decisions including decisions on the federal budget. Drawing on classical ideas about reelection-oriented behavior, on the one hand, and the blocking power of federal agencies, on the other, this paper extends and specifies the attention-spending predictions of the disproportionate information processing model. Specifically, spending effects of congressional attention shifts are argued to be crucially dependent on both the spending preferences expressed by the U.S. public and on pressure from spending advocates. An empirical evaluation of the association between changes in congressional attention measures and federal budget appropriations across 12 spending domains and 33 years (1970–2003) supports this conditional hypothesis derived from the extended disproportionate information processing model.     

是惟主监察,还是兼及行政--对西汉刺史制度的新认识

西汉的刺史向被视作纯粹监察之官,对其监察之外的举动往往理解为“逾权”。而从行政学事前监督与事后监察的角度出发。可以看出刺史于行政监察和司法监察之外,在行政监督方面亦发挥功效;并且正是刺史职能中行政权与监察权的未分化,才为后来地方治权的纠葛埋下了伏笔。     

Political Equality and the Regulation of Election Spending by Parallel Campaigners

The regulation of political finance, including the funding of political parties and election campaigns, remains contentious in many democracies. A particular focus of debate has been the regulation of ‘parallel campaigners’– that is, non-candidate and non-party political actors – wanting to influence the election outcome by bringing to bear their economic resources. Drawing on both recent unsuccessful and current attempts at reforming the regulation of election spending by parallel campaigners in New Zealand, this paper explores the conflict between the democratic right to freedom of expression and the idea that all citizens should have a fair opportunity for effective political influence. It is argued that Joshua Cohen's principle of political equality, which entails the balancing of these two values, provides a justifiable framework for regulating political finance, including parallel campaign expenditures, in liberal democracies.