第三讲 学一点艺术表现手法拍出来的照片会更精彩(二)

<正>(接上期)2.侧光。光源从摄影者的正侧面照射,当摄影者自身的投影与自身的面向或左或右90度上下时,称为侧光(也叫阴阳光或切光)。其特点是被摄对象受光面和阴影面各占一半,画面明暗对比强烈反差大     

月亮湾，静若处子喀纳斯

月亮湾是喀纳斯最著名的景点。喀纳斯湖在这划了一道优美的弧线,犹如弯弯的月亮落入这林木葱茏的峡谷,令无数游人为之陶醉。来到位于新疆阿勒泰地区布尔津县的喀纳斯自然景观保护区,才发现将这地方称为"人间仙境"一点也不为过。这里北邻哈萨克斯坦和俄罗斯,东连蒙古国,是中国唯一一处     

草原暮归

<正>照片中,秋天的蛤蟆坝孕育着成熟的美。起伏的山谷,明净的河水,斜阳打在远处的树上,拉出参差的树影,牛群渡过河流时,悠闲地低头饮水……拍摄者顾晓军为我们展现的,是旖旎醉人的,光彩照人的蛤蟆坝,虽没有表现其景色全貌,但画面细腻的光影,明丽的色彩,以及丰富的细节,已将耶悠远辽阔的意境渲染到极致。构图之美内蒙占塞罕坝草原上,深秋的黄昏来了。顾晓军在蛤蟆     

柔和月夜

正夜深了。晚上的夜空,仿佛是幅被墨色渲染的黑色画卷,上面挂着的月牙儿,似乎给这宁静的夜晚平添了几份伤感。此刻的我却坐在书桌前奋笔疾书,写这那仿佛永远写不完的作业,满脑子的焦躁与不安,坠于书海中,有时竟有一种莫名想将作业一撕两半的冲动。握着笔的手浸满了汗水,艰难地在纸上写着。眼     

依景写情，恰当议论

“一切景语皆情语!”应该说。景物描写决不是可有可无的点缀．在渲染气氛、烘托人物、推动故事情节发展方面起着极其重要的作用。     

布尔津，一场盛大的色彩之宴

<正>悠然流淌的额尔齐斯河如一条华丽的丝带,艳丽诡异的五彩滩似一张古老的广告招贴画,丰美繁茂的喀纳斯如一个美轮美奂的梦,喧哗热闹的布尔津河堤夜市就是燃烧着的壮阔人生。     

秋色双绝

地处西北的喀纳斯和额济纳,堪称中国秋色的双绝。喀纳斯是秋天的王者!秋的大气、雍容和尊贵,被喀纳斯阐述得无与伦比。喀纳斯被誉为"神仙居住的后花园"。其秋色斑斓,天赐禀赋。宛若立体的、浮雕般伸手可触的质感中,有着梵高笔下的向日葵那般令人为之癫狂的魔力。只需一眼,便能颠覆唐诗宋词侵淫出的伤秋悲秋的传统意境。     

我行我摄

兔年伊始,我们收到许多读者投来的稿件,从来稿质量上说,只能称这些稿件为照片,因为多数都是简简单单的行走拍照。就照相机的本能而言,完成了定格记录,但信息的提取得靠持机人的主观意思。倘若不论什么,一概摄入,那我们想要表述的意念,很有可能被杂乱的画面冲淡,甚至于是匆忙之中的徒劳所     

漫谈生态摄影技法之“三虚”

<正>虚化是生态艺术摄影造型的重要技法,是摄影者对照相机焦距(焦深)、光圈(景深)和快门(模糊量)的掌控能力的体现,虚化是忽略景物细节,隐藏杂乱陪体、营造透视空间、以及创造动感视觉的有效手段。是在摄影造型中制造虚实对比、突出主体、营造画面意境的主要技法。虚化方法有三种,故称三虚。即:光虚、物虚、动虚。     

漫谈弱光摄影技法

<正>初学摄影者,往往一到光线暗淡或夜幕降临时便收起照相机偃旗息鼓了,殊不知在弱光条件下的摄影创作,会更加异彩纷呈,妙趣横生!那么,什么样的光线是弱光呢,似乎在摄影理论上还没有一个标准定义,词典中亦找不到对"弱光"的注解。本人认为这应该是一个相对而言的概念,是指发光物体     

DAMMING JAMES BAY: II. IMPACTS ON COASTAL MARSHES

The damming of James Bay as proposed by the grand Canal Scheme will influence the hydrology of the coastal marshes. The salinity regime of two James Bay marshes were compared to understand the processes that govern salinity in the zone near mean high water (mhw) and to predict changes that may result from this proposed impoundment. Data suggest that sites along southern James Bay would be minimally affected because of the current low level of salinity. The northern marshes would, however, experience significant changes, as their primary source of salt is from saline tidewater. A simulation of the vertical salt and water fluxes at a northern location predicts a rapid reduction in the chloride concentration at mhw, which should approach the present values for southern James Bay in about 10 years. Above mhw, the salt will be leached quickly, so that within four years the surface chloride concentration will be reduced to the level currently found in southern James Bay.     

THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY'S ARCHIVES: A RESOURCE FOR HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY*

In his review of progress in historical geography, Hugh Prince has observed that “the competence of historical geographers to handle source materials is no longer in doubt, but while documents may be faithful servants they are inadequate masters.” Although today, perhaps more so than at any time in the past, there is lively debate about the methodologies that might be employed in exploiting historical sources, the pivotal importance of archives in historical geographical research is no longer in question. As the major repositories of primary source materials, they are indeed the fountainheads sui generis of all historical research. Their increased use in recent years has been manifest, not only in the quantity and quality of recent research, but also in the appearance of a small, but growing, literature pointing to the opportunities for geographical research offered by discrete types of archival holdings and by certain unique collections. This essay calls attention to a particular archival collection, the Hudson's Bay Company Archives, which houses the records of a company that has been an active force throughout most of the present area of Canada for the past 300 years. Its purpose is to point to the geographical significance of this corporate record and to suggest ways in which it might be tapped by historical geographers.     

MEASURING SUMMER SEA ICE SEVERITY IN EASTERN HUDSON BAY 1751–1870

The log-books of the Hudson's Bay Company supply ships are the sources from which are derived annual indices of summer sea ice severity in eastern Hudson Bay in the period 1751–1870. The indices are based on two properties of the daily ice conditions described in the log-books: lateness of occurrence and severity of ice. The annual ice index is obtained by comparing the ice conditions in each year from 1751 to 1870 with those in 1969. This year experienced the most severe late summer ice in this region during the period of present-day ice observations .
Les livres de bord des bateaux d'approvisionnement de la Compagnie de la Bale d'Hudson constituent les sources desquelles sont derives les indices annuels de sévérité de la glace marine estivale, dans la partie est de la Baie d'Hudson, pour la période 1751–1870. Ces indices de la glace sont établis à partir de deux propriétés des conditions quotidiennes de la glace, telles qu'elles sont décrites dans les livres de bord. Ces propriétés sont la tardiveté d'apparition et la sévérité de la glace. On obtient l'indice annuel de la glace en comparant les conditions de la glace pour chaque année de la période 1751–1870 avec les conditions de la glace en 1969. Cette année se charactérise par la glace d'été tardive la plus sévére dans cette région au cour de la période contemporaine d'observations de la glace .     

SEASONAL and ANNUAL VARIATIONS IN ICE COVER IN BAFFIN BAY and NORTHERN DAVIS STRAIT

The sea ice cover in Baffin Bay and northern Davis Strait is at a maximum in March and at a minimum in September. It depletes rapidly in July and August and grows rapidly during October and November. More annual variations were noticed during periods of ice cover depletion than during ice cover growth periods. The paper presents a sea ice forecast model which is based on annual ice cover depletion and growth data 1968-79 and which should be useful for planning navigation and drilling operations.
Le couvert de glace dans la baie de Baffin et le nord du détroit de Davis atteint son maximum en mars et est réduit à son minimum en septembre. II régresse rapidement en juillet et en aot et crot rapidement en octobre et en novembre. Plus de variations annuelles ont été observées pour les périodes de diminution du couvert de glace que pour les periodes de croissance de ce dernier. Cet article présente un modèle de prévision du couvert de glace lequel est basé sur les donnees relatives à la croissance et à la régression du couvert de glace pour la période 1968-79. Ce modèle devrait ětre utile dans la planification de la navigation et des opérations de forage.     

THE IMPACT OF INVESTMENT INCENTIVES ON MANUFACTURING CHANGE: THE GEORGIAN BAY REGION OF ONTARIO

Relations between Canadian industrial location policy and manufacturing change in the Georgian Bay region of Ontario are examined. To span the pre- and post-policy periods, a census of manufacturing establishments was constructed from 1961 to 1975. Its analysis reveals that incentives had a substantial immediate direct effect on the volume and structure of regional manufacturing, both in absolute terms and in relation to trends in the provincial economy. As a catalyst for self-sustaining regional development and improved regional economic well-being, however, the programme's results are more equivocal.
Ce travail examine les rapports entre la politique canadienne de la location des industries et les changements dans les manufactures dans la région de la Baie de Georgie. Afin de couvrir les périodes qui précèdent et suivent l' introduction de cette politique, nous avons fait un recensernent des etablissements industriels de 1961 à 1975. L' analyse de cette information démontre que les stimulants eurent de façon immédiate et directe des effets importants sur le niveau et la structure de l' industrie dans cette région; cela en termes absolus ainsi que par rapport aux tendances de l' économie provinciale. Cependant les effets à plus long terme du programme sont plus équivoques en ce qui concerne son efficacité comme catalyseur d' un développement régional qui se perpétue et d' une amélioration du bien-être économique de la région.