Tibetologists Visit North America

OnNovember13,1996,agroupofChina'sTibetologistsreacheddayvisittotheUnitedStatesandMexico.MembersofthegroupincludePuncogCering,presidentoftheTibetAcademyofSocialSciences;DainzinJigmei,associateresearchfel1owwiththeTibetEducationalResearchInstitute;Bemataota…     

Emigrated neuroscientists from Berlin to North America

ABSTRACT

The highest number of German scholars and physicians, forced by the National Socialist regime to emigrate for “race” or political reasons, were from Berlin. Language and medical exams were requested differently in their new host country—the United States—leading to a concentration of immigrants in the New York and Boston areas. Very early Emergency Committees in Aid of German Scholars and Physicians were established. Undergraduate students (like F. A. Freyhan, H. Lehmann, and H.-L. Teuber) from Berlin seemed to integrate easily, in contrast to colleagues of more advanced age. Some of the former chiefs and senior assistants of Berlin’s neurological departments could achieve a successful resettlement (C. E. Benda, E. Haase, C. F. List, and F. Quadfasel) and some a minor degree of success (F. H. Lewy and K. Goldstein). A group of neuropsychiatrists from Bonhoeffer’s staff at the Berlin Charité Hospital could rely on the forceful intercession of their former chief. The impact of the émigré colleagues on North American neuroscience is traced in some cases. Apart from the influential field of psychoanalysis, a more diffuse infiltration of German and European neuropsychiatry may be assumed. The contribution to the postwar blossoming of neuropsychology by the émigré neuroscientists K. Goldstein, F. Quadfasel, and H.-L. Teuber is demonstrated in this article.     

海军大臣载洵访美与中美海军合作计划

1910年清朝海军大臣载洵访美和1911年中美海军合作计划,是晚清海军史和中美关系史上的一件大事。这一事件具体揭示了在塔夫脱政府“金元外交”政策的指导下,美国的在华势力和影响不但在铁路和财政金融领域获得重大突破,而且也渗透到长期受欧洲和日本影响的军事领域;同时也表明随着东亚国际格局的变化,清政府在军事上开始改变以往一味依赖欧洲和日本的政策,转而寻求美国的合作与支持,将美国视为依赖的主要对象,体现了当时清政府意欲与美国结盟的外交意图。     

Multiple pathways to farming in precontact eastern North America

Hunter-gatherers in eastern North America utilized gourds at least 7000 years ago, operating at the early end of a sequence that ended with maize-based agriculture across most of the area. Various subregions differed from each other in timing and degree of participation in premaize crop production. A Midwestern record of native seed plant domestication preceding the adoption of maize is documented, and the significance of this phenomenon is now recognized. Recent archaeobotanical information highlights the amount of geographic variability, limiting the utility of earlier broad-scale interpretations. This paper includes a comparison of sequences in selected subregions: the Midwest/Midsouth, the Southeast, the Lower Mississippi Valley, the Trans-Mississippi South, and the Northeast.     

Successful Performance in North America

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Cabot Explorations in North America

Abstract

The map of Tenochtitlan published along with a Latin version of Hernán Cortés's letters (Nuremberg, 1524) was the first picture Europeans had of the Culhua‐Mexica city, the capital of the Aztec empire. The source of this woodcut map is unknown, and the author argues here that it was based on an indigenous map of the city. Once published in Europe, the city map and its companion map of the Gulf Coast, while certainly documentary, also assumed a symbolic function in supporting Cortés's (and thereby Spain's) just conquest of the Amerindian empire.     

Bowling Regions of North America

The five indoor bowling games of the Anglo-American culture realm and French Canada—tenpins, fivepins, duckpins, candlepins and rubberband duckpins— all occupy specific regions. Tenpins is played everywhere except in the Canadian Maritimes. Fivepins is an exclusively Canadian game, strongest in western Canada. Candlepins is restricted to Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire and parts of the Maritimes. Duckpins occupies two regions, one around Baltimore/Washington and the second in southern New England. Rubberband duckpins is the dominant game in Quebec and dying out in its region of origin around Pittsburgh. The four small-ball games developed in the late 19th and early 20th century as innovators in Worcester, Massachusetts (candlepins), Toronto (fivepins), Pittsburgh (rubberband duckpins) and an unknown location (duckpins) changed the equipment and rules of tenpins to find a less strenuous and technically more challenging game. All the games quickly won local converts and some succeeded in expanding their region of play as population moved and organizations were founded to spread the games. Today tenpins and fivepins dominate bowling in the United States and Canada, but in the East small-ball games still exist as a case of persistent regional variation within a national popular culture.     

The Hohokam of Southwest North America

The Hohokam reached an apex of sociopolitical development between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries in the Sonoran Desert of North America. Hallmarks of the Hohokam tradition included red-on-buff pottery, large-scale canal irrigation agriculture, and monumental buildings, including ball courts, platform mounds, towers, and Great Houses. The development and elaboration of Hohokam society from their ceramic-producing predecessors during more than two millennia (ca. 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1450, or later) is a remarkable example of an arid land adaptation in the New World. The enigmatic collapse of Hohokam society took place shortly before European colonialists entered the North American Southwest in the mid–sixteenth century. Various agents (e.g., floods, disease, warfare) of this event are poorly understood and require additional study. So, too, does the degree of historical continuity between contemporary indigenous peoples and precontact archaeological cultures (e.g., Hohokam) in what is now Arizona and northern Mexico.     

From Categories to Connections in the Archaeology of Eastern North America

Journal of Archaeological Research - A renewed adoption of relational perspectives by archaeologists working in eastern North America has created an opportunity to move beyond categorical...     

阿庆来西宁

阿庆来西宁了,这其中有一个感人的故事。     

A Visit to Burma

ABSTRACT

Closure of small schools has been a contentious policy issue, addressed most recently in the Schools Consultation (Scotland) Act 2010. Local authorities are currently delivering public service under great financial pressure and, given the high per capita costs of running small schools, have often sought to close them. One of the arguments for retaining small schools is the purported contribution that they make in maintaining rural community vibrancy. However, the evidence base for retaining small schools as ‘the heart of the rural community’ is largely untested, and such evidence as there is suggests that school closures have a modest effect on community vibrancy. School catchment studies show a long-term pattern of adjustment to demographic changes but this process may be curtailed by government policy in Scotland. A solid employment base and affordable housing are deemed by many to be more important factors in rural socio-economic wellbeing than the presence or absence of a primary school.     

卡地卡哇行

今年初夏一个风和日丽的日子,应好友朱永忠先生之邀,去民和三川拜谒卡地卡哇寺,了却了我一桩多年未了的心愿。为了拜谒它,我们从省城西宁出发,来回行车四百多公里,且多行山路。