The Transition to History in Southeast Asia: An Introduction

Studies of the transition from prehistory to history in Southeast Asia have traditionally relied primarily on documentary sources, which tend to emphasize foreign influences, rather than on the archaeological record, which suggests a series of indigenous developments. The papers in this journal issue and the next discuss strategies for using both documentary and archaeological evidence to study the transition to history and the emergence of early states in the region. These papers investigate how political units were structured and integrated in Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, and South China, and illustrate how historical and archaeological data can cross-check each other to inform on Southeast Asian sociopolitical and economic developments during the early historic period.     

The Transition from Prehistory to the Historic Period in the Upper Mun Valley

The Early Historic Period in the Mun Valley occupies a critical three centuries, from A.D. 500 to A.D. 800, a period often known as that of Zhenla, a name derived from early Chinese accounts. This article first describes early findings of fieldwork designed to illuminate the prehistory of the upper Mun Valley, a period which covers approximately two millennia, with initial settlement now dated between 1500 and 1000 B.C. It then considers the nature of the transition to the complex polities of Zhenla. This involves a combination of archaeological and documentary evidence. Sources for the latter are rare for the Mun Valley, but by broadening the area considered, it is possible to integrate archaeological and historical sources in order to portray the intensifying social changes which characterize the Early Historic Period. It is suggested that most of the Mun Valley was occupied by Khmer speakers during the Iron Age, people responsible for the transition to increasingly centralized polities of the Early Historic Period. In the upper reaches of the Mun catchment, and in the Chi Valley to the north, the late prehistoric inhabitants spoke Mon. They had close affinities with the Dvaravati polities of Central Thailand. If confirmed, this hypothesis would indicate a series of local trends towards increasing social complexity which we can recognize in the early epigraphic record.     

大湄公河次区域旅游合作开发研究

大湄公河次区域经济合作区由中国云南省、缅甸、老挝、泰国、柬埔寨、越南等六个国家和地区组成。次区域内自然和人文旅游资源丰富,互补性强,并有一条天然大通道——湄公河将次区域的各个国家和地区联系起来,具有合作发展旅游的优越条件。本文在分析了次区域各方面的条件后认为,将投资少、见效快的旅游合作开发置于次区域经济合作的优先地位是最佳选择;同时对次区域旅游合作开发提出了具体的措施和建议。     

Archaeology of Northeast Thailand in Relation to the Pre-Khmer and Khmer Historical Records

An earlier study of how the archaeological data from the Khmer period in northeast Thailand confirm and augment the information from historical texts is expanded into an examination of the early historic pre-Khmer and the post-Khmer periods. For these, both the historical and the archaeological data are more limited and problematic. The archaeological record confirms generally the changes associated with the transition from prehistory to history but raises questions about the sources of external influence and the types of political and economic organization which characterized northeast Thailand societies. More robust archaeological data and more precise chronological control will be necessary to test historical models of pre-Angkorian and post-Angkorian political development.     

柬埔寨华人的土地和祖灵信仰——从“关系主义”人类学视角的考察

论文基于田野调查的结果,从人类学家王铭铭先生提出的“关系主义”人类学的视角,考察了柬埔寨华人的社区、家庭和坟地的土地神和祖灵信仰的内涵与功能,分析了柬埔寨土著文化与佛教、印度教和华人信仰等外来文化之间,内外之别、上下等级、差异和关联、延续与变迁这四对关系。认为任何宗教或文化现象都不是封闭地自我生成,而是在与他者的关系中形成。每一种文化总是处在许多其他文化组成的更大范围的场域中,在彼此的参照、混融和冲突过程中形塑自身。     

长江三角洲与珠江三角洲新石器时代经济形态比较研究

长江三角洲和珠江三角洲这一当今中国最富庶的两大区域的形成无疑有着深刻的人文历史背景,文章上溯至新石器时代对这两区域的文化异同及其原因作了全面的比较与分析。     

An Emerging Development Focus from the Pearl River Delta West to Western Guangdong: A Research Report

A senior Hong Kong-based geographer discusses factors that have the potential to intensify growth in the western part of China's Pearl River Delta and adjacent areas of western Guangdong province. He focuses on: (1) proposals for construction of a Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau bridge linking eastern and western wings of the delta, to become a catalyst for rapid development of the western delta region, with its large unutilized reserves to support economic growth; and (2) the potentially strategic roles of nearby Guangxi and Yunnan provinces in a recently promulgated China-ASEAN Free Trade Area. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O15, O16, O18, O20. 2 figures, 1 table, 13 references.     

Migration and left-behind parents and children of migrants in Cambodia: a look at household composition and the economic situation

ABSTRACT

This paper examines composition of households formed after the outmigration of a household member in rural Cambodian and correlates household types with indicators of economic condition. The paper focuses on households containing left-behind parents and the children of migrants. Excess mortality in the 1970s due to war suggests the association between migration and economic condition may be gendered. This could be exacerbated when migration leads to a skip-generation household containing a left-behind parent and a child of migrant without an own parent of the child present. Data come from the Cambodian Rural-Urban Migration Project (CRUMP), a project designed to study migration in rural Cambodia. Most households formed after a migration contain a left-behind parent of migrant. While about 22 per cent of these households contain a left-behind child of migrant, the per cent is over 60 per cent when the migrant is themselves a parent. The economic situation tends to be worst for left behind solo mothers (mothers of migrants who do not live with a spouse) and best for left-behind coupled parents of migrants. There is evidence that the combination of left-behind solo mothers living with children of migrants in a skip-generation situation is the most disadvantaged.     

豫北地区二里头时代的地域间关系——以陶器资料分析为中心

本文在充分收集豫北地区二里头时代遗址资料的基础上,对遗址中出土的陶器构成的变化进行了详细的分析,并从多地域间交流的角度,对豫北地区和其他周边地区的动态关系进行了检讨,以确定豫北地区在中国初期国家形成过程中应有的地位。     

世博效应对长三角地区经济一体化的影响探析--兼论长三角地区区域经济一体化策略

在经济全球化的趋势下,长江三角洲地区经济一体化已经成为该地区经济发展不可逆转的趋势。本文结合2010年上海世博会的召开,分析了长三角地区经济一体化的战略意义及其基础,指出世博会对长三角地区经济一体化各个方面具有促进作用,并提出长三角地区区域经济一体化的对策。     

Unearthing an Atlantean myth in Angkor: geoarchaeological investigation of the ‘underwater road’ crossing the Tonle Sap Lake,Cambodia

Of the many myths surrounding the medieval city of Angkor, Cambodia, one of the most obscure but pervasive is the existence of a road built across the Tonle Sap Lake. This road supposedly ran from the Angkorian ‘port’ at Phnom Krom to the temples situated in the Battambang district some 70 km southwest of capital. New geoarchaeological information demonstrates that the ‘road’ is actually a series of localised occurrences of authegenic calcite, which probably formed approximately 5500 years Before Present. Our results demystify this intractable Cambodian legend expand on the dynamic history of this important water body in mainland Southeast Asia.     

近代早期法国贵族附庸关系初探

近代早期法国贵族间的附庸关系与中世纪的封臣制不同,它是以血缘和亲族关系构建起来的依附性网络,婚姻联盟则进一步加强了这种关系。然而,在法国宗教战争和福隆德运动的危机时期,贵族附庸关系受到政治势力、宗教信仰、双方政见、个人利益等多重因素的影响与挑战,其稳定性不断削弱,王权则在此时乘机渗透到贵族附庸关系中,为后来中央集权、绝对君主制的兴起奠定了基础。     

改铸历史:先秦时期“以史为鉴”观念的形成

"以史为鉴"是中国古代政治实践与史学思想的重要命题。早在周公之前,"以史为鉴"的思想就有了萌芽,上古先民规避祸灾的行为是历史意识起源的重要来源之一。这种意识,经夏商两代直到周初,才臻至完善。周代的鉴戒观念,包括"以天为鉴"和"以事为鉴"等方面,到了"以史为鉴",方可谓大成。"以史为鉴"的前提是对于历史进行改铸与剪裁,这是适应现实社会需要的结果。     

长三角区域旅游线路模式及目的地类型研究

本文基于旅游社国内观光旅游线路报价单,统计并分析长三角区域旅游线路空间模式的类型、特征,以及长三角地区旅游目的地类型。结果表明,单目的地模式和完全环游模式是长三角地区最重要的两种旅游线路模式;长三角地区各目的地在旅游线路中出现频次存在较大的差异,呈现明显的等级层次;长三角旅游目的地类型主要表现为单一型、门户型以及出口型;通过对旅游线路中各目的出现频次的统计可见,长三角目的地呈现核心——边缘空间结构格局。     

The Transition from Animal Spirits to Animal Electricity: A Neuroscience Paradigm Shift

The Animal Spirits Paradigm had been in place for over a thousand years as a general way of looking at the nervous system, and was completely ingrained into the fabric of scientific thinking. However, the community of researchers in the 17th and 18th centuries abandoned their long-held assumptions, and started anew with the novel assertion that the currency of nervous function was, instead of Animal Spirits, a uniquely-animal electricity. This conceptual rearrangement represented a scientific revolution in thinking, a change in absolute perspective that required the reinterpretation of old data within a completely novel framework. The manner in which this transition occurred followed the general form of scientific paradigm shifts as outlined by Thomas Kuhn (Kuhn, 1962)     

内地劳动力与海外华人资本的结合--珠江三角洲侨乡研究

1979年以来,以港澳台资本为先导和主力的华商率先在中国改革开放的前沿阵地--珠江三角洲侨乡落户,在带动侨乡工业化进程的同时,也使过去侨乡传统的劳动力结构发生巨大的变化.本文通过若干个案研究,分析侨乡劳动力市场与海外华人资本的结合模式及其对沿海侨乡、内陆地区及海外华商三方所产生的影响.     

老一代革命家在中华人民共和国开国过程中的历史贡献

中华人民共和国建国初期 ,中国共产党老一代革命家成功地解决了国体、政体、经济建设方针、民族政策和对外政策等一系列重大问题 ,当时制定的相关政策不仅符合那时中国的国情 ,使中国得到稳定和发展 ,而且经得起时间的检验 ,为我国此后的发展奠定了一个坚实良好的基础。过渡时期总路线同样是在当时工农业生产发展的基础上提出和实施的 ,是得到了绝大多数人民的拥护的。“后之视今犹今之视昔” ,我们要以历史唯物主义的眼光看待历史 ,研究国史、写好国史。