梅瓶三绝

The plum vases, one with a white dragon design over the blue ground of Yuan dynasty, one with a design of Xiao He chasing Han Xin in the moonlight in underglaze blue of the late Yuan and early Ming, and the other with pine, bamboo, and plum designs in underglaze red in the Ming dynasty under Hongwu‘s reign, are three important pieces in Yuan and Ming dynasties in Jiangsu Province. They might be rated as the three treasures in the Chinese porcelain world for their unique characteristics.     

浙江出土的金银器

The gold was put into use as early as Shang dynasty. From the late Tang dynasty on, the private gold and silver workshop came into being in accord with the improvement of excavation and workmanship systems, which stimulates greatly the gold and silver production in the southern China. Most of the gold and silver wares unearthed in Zhe Jiang are from Late Tang to Ming dynasty. Its categories and shapes are closely fit in with the needs of daily life.     

THE RETURN OF THE TIBETAN RED DEER

The Tibetan Red Deer(Cervus canadensis wallichi) is also called the Sikkim red deer and is pronounced "xiawa" in the Tibetan language.It is a special member of the red deer family and a unique species to the Tibet Autonomous Region.The Tibetan red deer was first discovered by scientists about 150 years ago.Because of its status in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora as being endangered,the Tibetan red deer was listed before the white-lipped deer,which is under first-level key     

明朝在西藏的统治地位（英文）

During the historic process that Tibet became an inalienable part of China,the Ming dynasty was one of the important phases.The central government of the Ming dynasty,especially Emperors Hongwu and Yongle paid significant attention to governing Tibet.They not only inherited the Yuan dynasty?s rights in Tibet,but also made some adjustments.     

Koh, Khee Heong, A Northern Alternative: Xue Xuan (1389-1464) and the Hedong School

How did a Neo-Confucian scholar who built no academies,who actually discouraged interested students from studying with him,and whose followers did not have a strong sense of group identity become the first scholar enshrined in the Ming dynasty's imperial Confucius Temple? This is the question that Khee Heong Koh seeks to answer in writing this masterful study of the Ming Neo-Confucian master Xue Xuan.After all,admission into that temple's rolls was a rare honor,one carefully controlled by every imperial court.Only four men were enshrined over the entire Ming dynasty,and Xue is interesting not only because he was the first to be enshrined,but also because he was the only one of the four from northern China.Koh provides us with a detailed picture of this heretofore largely forgotten scholar-official and how he came to be thus enshrined.But this is not simply a biographical study;Koh also problematizes the monolithic understanding of Ming China as having been completely captivated by the Wang Yangming School of Neo-Confucianism.     

Wooden Bowls In Tibetan Families

In Tibetan families, there are always two wooden bowls, a big one and a small one, the former for the father and the latter for the mother. In well-to-do families, each wooden bowl has a silver lid, on which are carved patterns symbolizing good luck. In even wealthier families, every wooden bowl is inlaid with silver and carved with patterns, with only a finger-width part left in the middle of the bowl to show its wooden nature. Above it is the lid and under it is the tray, both made of silver. The lid is shaped like a tower and inlaid with silver and gold, on the top of which is a red agate forming a handle. The tray is especially unique. It is in the shape of eight petals of a lotus, with a pattern of good luck on each petal altogether making up the traditional eight propitious omens.     

The Dissemination and Transformation of Han Chinese-style Sudhana or Chinese-Style Children in Tibetan Buddhist Art during the Ming Dynasty

The Ming Dynasty was one of the important periods of cultural exchange and amalgamation between Han Chinese and Tibetans.Along with the governance of Tibet and other Tibetan areas by the Central Government of the Ming Dynasty,Tibetan culture represented by Buddhism and its art was disseminated in the interior of China,primarily in Nanjing city and Beijing city,the capital of the Ming dynasty.At the same time,Chinese culture represented by Chinese Buddhism and its art was also introduced into Tibet and other Tibetan areas.     

说汉阳陵"罗经石"遗址的建筑设计

This article discusses the architectural plan of the so-celled“ Stone of Compass“ Site of the Han Dynasty, Located in the south of the mausoleum of Han Emperor Jing. Based on new archaeological finds published in recent years, the author concludes three points: First, the square building on the site is very similar to the design of the board of Liu Bo game that was very popular in the Han dynasty; Second, it also is closely related to the design of the Han mirror with Liu Bo pattern; Third,this site has a similar layout to a famous ritual building,i.e.Wang Mang‘s Ming Tang Hall.Finally, the author explores the nature of this site, and suggests that it should be the Mausoleum Temple of Han Emperor Jing, i.e.De Yang Temple, indicating that there is a close relationship between the early plan of the Ming Tang Hall before Emperor Jing and later Mausoleum temples.     

MAIN CONTENTS

Study on Tax Ingots in Ming Dynasty
Silver used as currency started in Ming dynasty. The official policy for silver using was at the beginning suppressive then gradually encouraging. The turning point was the use of silver as a substitution for actual paying of crops for land tax. This study shows although only few samples were found during last century, through the study of these specimens there still remain some traces of the transformation of silver as currency in China＇s. monetary system. Those land tax ingots are the evidence of this process.     

清朝川藏地方藏语文译员职缺设置考（英文）

正The extensive territory governed by the Qing dynasty is much larger than that of the Ming;the various ethnic groups living on this territory spoke different languages and the central government relied on translation to communicate with local people and to collect military and political intelligence.The history of how the Qing court     

An Encounter between the Qing Dynasty and Khoqand in 1759-1760： Central Asia in the Mid-Eighteenth Century

This paper examines negotiations involving the exchange of envoys between the Qing dynasty and Khoqand in 1759-60. The Qing made contact with Khoqand in order to bring rapid stabilization to the newly acquired western territories. Khoqand, on the other hand, established a relationship with the Qing in order to expand their authority over the Kirghiz, and to advance toward Bukhara. Irdana tried to take advantage of Qing authority for the purpose of expanding his territories, but at the same time, he appealed to the other Central Asian Muslims to engage with him in a ＂holy war＂ against the Qing. It is true that each power in Central Asia shared a sense of crisis in reaction to the Qing＇s sudden expansion to the west. However, we also need to examine the competition for hegemony among the powers under the pretext of opposition to the Qing＇s advance.     

THE LITTLE NYINPA“PRINCESS”

<正>The village of Nyinpa is located in Lingka Township,Baxoi County,Chamdo Prefecture in Tibet.It is a small village,with a population of 1.50people,and is located deep in the mountains.Spring comes late in Nyinpa.It is not until the second half of April that     

论乐平古戏台的艺术特征

It has been a popularity to build opera stages in the village of Le Ping in Jiangxi Province since the ancient time and a great number of the Ming and Qing Dynasties have been handed down to form a paramount of traditional art characterized with ancientness, abundance and beauty. The gorgeousness, the vigour and the elegance of the ancient stages are really rare in the Jiangxi Province even throghout China, which has already reached the peak of the building art of opera stage.     

The Famous West Yellow Temple in Beijing

The West Yellow Temple is currently the location of the Senior Tibetan Buddhist College of China in Beijing, situated at the outer area of Andingmen and Deshengmen. This temple is an over 350 years old and covered with glazed tiles onthe roof, surrounded by a red wall and beautified by giant cypresses in the courtyard. Inside it looks solemn but spectacular. The splendid and exquisite architecture of the buildings is a perfect integration of the styles of Han, ethnic Tibetan and India and is referred to as a treasure of Tibetan Buddhist style architecture.     

KUNSUNG DORJE AND HIS TIBETAN MEDICINE CLINIC

<正>In an alley of the town of Lhakhang,Lhozhag County,is a square building with yellow walls and a red roof that distinguishes itself from the surrounding grayish-white folkresidences.The Khutin Lhakhang,a cultural relic preserved from the times of Tubo,is situated in this small town deep in the Himalayas.After over 1,300 years of vicissitudes,the chapel still stands there in     

吐蕃第一窟－－拉萨市药王山札那路浦石窟的几个问题

In this article, through the studies on the statues of brag-lha-klu-phug in Lhasa, combining with Chinese and Tibetan documents, the author makes a further exploration into its date, artistic styly and the relations with the Buddhist art of the neighbourhood. Apart from the influence of the art of grottos in Hexi Area, the traditional cultural relations between Tubo and Nepal, India also should be considered. The styles of statues, the Grotto of Tubo dynasty is closer to that of the Buddhist art of Nepal.     

西藏夏鲁寺壁画中的“汉藏合璧”

Shalu Monastery is one of the most famous Tibetan Buddhist monasteries and is seated in Gyatso Shong Township of Shigatse Municipality in the Tibet Autonomous Region.The monastery is rich in murals that total over a thousand square meters in wall space,putting on display a fine example of Tibetan Buddhist mural art from the Yuan dynasty.     

Kesi Silk Tangka of Song Dynasty

Kesi silk tangka is woven using small shuttles in the tapestry method, with raw silk as the warps and boiled-off silk as the wefts. The wefts make knots with the warps only when there is a need to weave patterns.Kesi silk weaving art emerged with the rise of Buddhist culture. It is a variation of the local wool weaving art with the silk weaving art in the hinterland. A Kesi silk tangka     

Local Participation and Cultural Inclusion: A Case Study on Lunang's Tourism Development in the Context of Policy of Partner Assistance to Tibet

The term Lang is a place name,it means "Dragon Valley","fairy place to live" in the Tibetan language.In 1911,the Qing dynasty officer Chen Quzhen was posted here,stationed in Lunang Dongjiu.He later described the Lunang area as a place "covered with grass,rocks blocking the way".2 Since the National Highway 318 was built in 1954,at the altitude of 3,700 meters,Lunang has become the gateway to Bayi town,which is about 80 kilometers from Lunang.The natural beauty of Lunang has made it a tourist town along the Sichuan-Tibet Road Line.