The Roma of Central and Eastern Europe

Sherzer, Joel. Verbal Art in San Blas: Kuna Culture through Its Discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. x + 281 pp. including references and index. $39.50 cloth.

Heider, Karl G. Indonesian Cinema: National Culture on Screen. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1991. x + 154 pp. including bibliography and index. $28.00 cloth, $9.95 paper.     

古城罗马拾趣

<正>匆匆走进罗马古城,就如同马拉松跑者们不停的脚步。正赶上罗马城一年一度的马拉松比赛,有七万人参加的比赛接近尾声,大多数选手已完赛,街道上只有淡化了胜负,旨在享受奔跑快乐的选手。他们三三两两在西斜的阳光下领受着路人的注目和欢呼,偶尔会有性格张扬的奔跑达人作出夸张的姿态和举动,博得路人阵阵喝彩和掌声。     

The Absence of the Establishing Shot in Slovak Films of the 1960s

Abstract

This article asks why several Czech and Slovak directors of the 1960s employed what might be referred to as a non-establishing-shot technique. To state that the employment of this technique was a reaction to Socialist Realism and to a Socialist society leaves unanswered the question of ‘how’ this reaction against the collectivization of the characters and the stories carried out under the aesthetics of Socialist Realism was expressed. More significantly, it was a reaction against the forced collectivization of society under the Communist regime. The absence of the establishing shot was a means of returning individuality, uniqueness and differences to characters. It was a way of stating that a society is formed by the sum of its parts, that is, its individual members. This article deals mainly with the Slovak side of the New Wave, hitherto neglected by western scholars. It asks why and how five directors (Stefan Uher, Peter Solan, Juraj Jakubisko, Du?an Hanák and Alain Robbe-Grillet) made use of the non-establishing-shot technique; how they developed the technique; and in what ways they used it in a different manner to their Czech counterparts.     

访欧随想(诗六首)

龙腾巴黎凯旋门铁塔映红花都夜,香街跃中国龙。万人空巷半月前,盛况如潮荡人心。中法友好新篇谱,逢人皆赞旷世情。夜游举杯赛纳河,春风正临凯旋门。2004年2月11日 2004年元月26日至29日,中国国家主席胡锦涛应法国总统希拉克邀请,对法国进行了友好访问。2004年是中法建交40周年。为此,巴黎的标志埃菲尔铁塔连续5天以     

Britain and the Convention on the Future of Europe

If the reaction from the British Conservative Party and the right-wing press were to be believed, it would be easy to think that the constitutional treaty produced by the European Convention represented a failure for Britain. This article takes issues with such claims. It illustrates, by tracing British involvement within the Convention from its inception to the finalization of the draft treaty, that the British Government succeeded remarkably well in ensuring that the document reflected its major policy preferences.     

当代国内外学者对欧洲中世纪婚姻问题的研究

对中世纪婚姻问题的研究不仅具有重大的学术价值,而且也有着相当突出的现实意义。因而较早就受到了西方学们的重视。当然,对其研究的发端还有其深刻的社会化根源。大致而言,学们对中世纪婚姻问题的研究主要集中在对6个大问题上。     

Ecological constraints on the first prehistoric farmers in Europe

The Neolithic Revolution, which witnessed the transformation of hunter–gatherer groups into farming communities, is traditionally viewed as the event that allowed human groups to create systems of production that, in the long run, led to present-day societies. Despite the large corpus of research focused on the mechanisms and outcomes of the Neolithic transition, relatively little effort has been devoted to evaluating whether particular production-oriented adaptations could be integrated into a broad range of ecological conditions, and if specific cultural traditions differed ecologically. In order to investigate whether the differences between the adaptations and geographic distributions of three major Early Neolithic archaeological cultures are related to the exploitation of different suites of environmental conditions, we apply genetic algorithm and maximum entropy ecological niche modeling techniques to reconstruct and compare the ecological niches within which three principal Neolithic cultures (Impressed Ware, Cardial Ware, and Linearbandkeramik) spread across Europe between ca. 8000 and 7000 cal yr BP. Results show that these cultures occupied mutually exclusive suites of environmental conditions and, thus, were adapted to distinct and essentially non-overlapping ecological niches. We argue that the historical processes behind the Neolithization of Europe were influenced by environmental factors predisposing occupation of regions most suited to specific cultural adaptations.