THE LAST TRADE CARAVAN IN TIBET WANGCHEN WAS BUSY IN AN AGRICULTURAL AREA

Setting off from Lhasa we followed Lhasa River,passing through Chushur County,then,driving along the banks of the Yarlung Tsangpo River,we finally arrived at Nyemo Bridge.Next we headed northward and into a long valley.Finally,we reached Nyemo County.Although it was not a big county,it looked much more prosperous than Palgon County.A large government office building greeted us in a main street offering shops,both big and small,as well as restaurants-which also caught our eye.Nevertheless,the wandering lazy cows and donkeys,tethered to blocks by the entrances of shops and calling loudly,reminded us of the farmyard.     

THE LAST TRADE CABAVAN IN TIBET(XI)-The Business of Galzang Wangdu

『Galzang Wangdu Cooperates with Tseng Dra Every year herdsmen trade salt in spring and farm produce in autumn.At other times they work in animal husbandry,which it has been their economic base for generations. Galzang Wangdu's family is one of the most well-known households throughout surrounding areas with the biggest number of family members,livestock,and a     

THE LAST TRADE CABAVAN IN TIBET(XI)-The Business of Galzang Wangdu

『Galzang Wangdu Cooperates with Tseng Dra Every year herdsmen trade salt in spring and farm produce in autumn.At other times they work in animal husbandry,which it has been their economic base for generations. Galzang Wangdu‘s family is one of the most well-known households throughout surrounding areas with the biggest number of family members,livestock,and a     

KYIRONG THE LAST MYSTERIOUS PLACE IN TIBET

Having graduated from university in 1976,The author set out on his journey to Tibet.He took the train from Qingdao of Shandong Province and,via several other places,to Liuyuan in Gansu Province.Changing train,he crossed over Qinghai,passed through Lhasa and then reached Shigatse.Finally,he reached his last stop-Kyirong County,the boundary of China and Nepal,and then stayed there for six years.     

河北地域文化景观分析

本文从自然环境剖析入手,阐释了文化景观区位的自然属性与人文属性,探讨了环境感应、政权核心对河北地域文化景观的错综影响。     

RAINY RIVER STURGEON: AN OJIBWAY RESOURCE IN THE FUR TRADE ECONOMY

Previous fur trade scholarship has emphasized the hunting of fur bearers and large game rather than fishing as a component of trade relations with native peoples in the northwestern interior of North America. Evidence from fur trade records of the 18th and 19th centuries clearly indicates the importance of the Rainy River sturgeon fishery to Ojibway subsistence and commerce. In addition to being a major food resource, sturgeon provided the Ojibway with a substance called isinglass, which was traditionally important and was also a marketable commodity. Derived from the air bladder of sturgeon, isinglass was highly valued in the European market. The Hudson's Bay Company took great efforts to secure supplies of isinglass from native fishermen. Analysis of isinglass returns from Hudson's Bay Company account books reveals the magnitude of sturgeon production from the Rainy River area. During the fur trade period, the sturgeon fishery was a highly productive industry, characterized by a sustained annual yield. With the advent of non-native commercial fisheries in the region, production increased beyond the level of sustained yield. This resource was virtually destroyed by the early 20th century. Les recherches antérieures consacrées au commerce des fourrures ont fait ressortir la chasse d'animaux à fourrure et de gros gibiers plutôt que la pêche cornme activité importante dans les relations comrnerciales avec les autochtones vivant à I'interieur du Nord-Ouest de I'Amériyue du Nord. Les documents touchant le commerce de la fourrure dux 18^e et 19^e siècles démontrent nettement l'importance de la pêhe aux esturgeons dans la riviéere Rainy pour les Ojibways dans leur vie et leur commerce. En plus de constituer une irnportante res-source alimentaire, l'esturgeon offrait aux Ojibways une substance appelée ichtyocolle qui avait une importance traditionnelle et représentait également un produit négotiable. Ce produit, provenant de la poche d'air de l'esturgeon ètait très estimè sur le marché européen. la compagnie de la baie d'Hudson s'est efforcée de s'ap-provisionner en ichtyocolle auprès des pêcheurs indigènes. Les livres de comptabilitè de la compagnie de labaie d'Hudson révèfent l'importance de la production d'esturgeons dans la région de la rivière Rainy. Au cours de la période du commerce des fourrures, la pêhe d'esturgeons était une industrie très productive, caractérisée par un rendement annuel soutenu. Avec I'arrivée dans la région de la pêche commerciale non-autochtone, la production a dépassé les niveaux de rendements support-ables. Cette ressource s'est trouvée virtuellement dé-truite au début du xx^e siècle.     

A THOUSAND AND ONE COLUMNS: OBSERVATIONS ON THE ROMAN GRANITE TRADE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA

Summary.   Provenancing and archaeological information on Roman granite columns in the Mediterranean area has been collated from a range of published papers by the author and others, together with new analyses for Rome, to produce an integrated dataset comprising 1176 columns. This dataset allows an overview of Roman granite trade in seven regions across the Mediterranean area. Examination of the data indicates that columns made from Troad (Turkish) granite are the most numerous observed overall (compatible with Lazzarini's earlier (2004) observation that this is the most widely distributed type), followed by Aswan, then Elba and Giglio, and Kozak Dağ ( Marmor Misium ). In the city of Rome, Mons Claudianus columns predominate. In geographically peripheral parts of the Roman world (Spain, Israel), granite columns are mainly from local sources, and are generally of smaller sizes than those seen in Rome and Tuscany. Analytical data can be used to suggest multiple extraction sites within some quarries, and have the potential for identification of specific intra-quarry provenance. Dating evidence for primary use of columns from the quarries considered is relatively sparse, but suggests early (first century BC) exploitation of Spanish and Elba granites, while column production at Aswan and Troad persisted into the fourth century followed by reuse within later antiquity, in the fifth and seventh centuries AD.     

大安通宝是辽钱

198 1年 7月内蒙古赤峰市林西三道营子村发现窖藏古钱币。经及时清理 ,内藏铜钱775公斤 ,达 2 0余万枚 ;共 77种、 2 2 6品。最早是战国晚期的“一刀”方孔钱 ,下限是辽天祚帝耶律延禧之“天庆元宝”、北宋徽宗赵佶之“政和通宝”① 。其中有“大安通宝”一枚 ,大字版、背月、直读 ,径 2 5 1、穿7 5、厚 1 3毫米 ,青铜质泛微黄 ,钱文楷隶相参。此钱为首次发现之孤品 (插一下 )。面世后 ,泉界非常关注。该钱之归属是西夏惠宗赵秉常大安年间( 1 0 75- 1 0 85) ?是辽道宗耶律洪基的大安年间 ( 1 0 85- 1 0 94 ) ?还是金卫绍王完颜永济大安年 (…     

近十年来中国人口迁移研究及其评价

本文对20世纪90年代以来的中国人口迁移研究进行了总结与评价。文章首先概述了近10年来中国人口迁移研究的主要特点;然后对中国人口迁移研究的主要内容即迁移人口的社会经济特征,人口迁移的空间格局,影响因素,作用,人口迁移政策建议以及人口迁移研究中的理论与方法等方面进行了总结;最后指出了人口迁移研究中存在的问题与未来应该加强研究的领域。     

洞庭湖湿地景观特征与农业产业化模式研究

洞庭湖湿地是我国最大的淡水湖泊湿地景观生态系统之一,湿地农业资源丰富,农业开发历史悠久,生产化水平较高,是我国重要的农业商品基地。由于过去长期受传统耕作方式的影响,农业产业化程度较低,农业经济发展缓慢;本文根据洞庭湖湿地景观特征,对洞庭湖湿地农业资源和湿地农业开发现状进行了评价和分析,指出了湿地农业开发中存在的问题,提出了洞庭湖湿地农业产业化开发利用模式,以实现洞庭湖湿地农业经济的飞速发展。     

安阳天宁寺附近发现新莽铸钱遗址

2000年安阳市老城改造筑通文峰中路,2001年3月中旬在此北路西段路北丹尼斯生活广场工地发现一处新莽铸钱遗址。遗址位于老城天宁寺塔（又称文峰塔）北110米,天宁寺弥陀龛（又称八卦楼）东30米,唐子巷北门西小学西50米处（图1）。     

THE DEVELOPMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN TIBET

In the past, a letter sent from Tibet to inland China often took almost half a year to arrive. In Tibet, people had to walk a long way, and then waited in a long queue for access to a fixed phone. Because of the poor state of telecommunications in Tibet in those early days, people in Tibet heard and saw little of the wonderful world outside. This in turn created an even greater apparent distance between Tibet and that outside world.     

涞水宽城一带新见早期长形圆首大刀

最近,我们见到几枚比较特别的早期长形圆首大刀材料,对于重新认识刀币的种类与演变,探索其起源与归属均有帮助。现作简要报道,以飨读者。     

左江流域边境地区边贸发展规划

本文在全面分析研究左江边境区域边贸发展的区位优势、有利条件及现状特点的基础上,根据趋势朝向型规划方法原理规划了边贸近、中、远期发展阶段目标,并提出中、近期实现目标的对策建议。     

伊洛地区裴李岗至二里头文化时期复杂社会的演变——地理信息系统基础上的人口和农业可耕地分析

The Yiluo basin is the heartland of the origin of early states in China.Based on the archaeological data from the undergoing Yiluo Project,as well as theories and methods of population estimation,carrying capacity,and catchment productivity developed during the past decades in the West,this paper constructs a GIS based study detailing population fluctuation and development of social complexity in the surveyed region from the Peiligang to Erlitou period.The basic framework of this paper's study consists of t...     

RESCUES RUSH TO THE QUAKE-AFFECTED AREAS IN TIBET

<正>An 8.1-magnitude earthquake shook Nepal at 2:11 p.m.(Beijing Time)on Apr.25.The quake also strongly affected parts of Tibet,including the Nyalam,Dingri and Gyirong counties in Shigatse Prefecture.All parts of China were struggling for rescue and relief at once in the quake-affected areas in Tibet.On Apr.26,the 11th Panchen Choskyi Gyalpo made a special     

REMINISCENCE THE EARLY YEARS OF WORKING IN TIBET

In the late Sixties,a group of enthusiastic youths from Henan(an internal province on the central plain) set out with great enthusiasm to go farming and also guard borders on the Tibet Plateau.I was lucky enough to be one of them.Now,as I recall those long and dusty days in an area largely unknown to the rest of the world,I cannot help about of nostalgia.