Composite bows at ed-Dur (Umm al-Qaiwain, U.A.E.)

This article discusses seven bone fragments excavated during the second Belgian archaeological campaign at ed-Dur (tomb G.3831, area N). Rather than weaving implements, these objects are identified as the reinforcing bone laths of composite bows. Information on the composite bow in general—origins, structural composition and technical advantages—will be given. Additionally, the question of which types of composite bows could have been present at ed-Dur and what role these weapons could have played at the site are discussed.     

吴越系青铜短剑的发现及其初步研究

As one important type of bronze swords, the amount of Wu- Yue style daggers was quite dominant. Further studies will be beneficial to the understandings of their origins and roles of daggers played in the developmental process of swords. By typological comparison to other set of data, it is very clear that Wu- Yue daggers influentially impacted the development of daggers in Lingnan region, indicating a wide communication between two regions.     

斯里兰卡的冶铁考古

介绍了斯里兰卡20世纪80年代以来冶铁考古研究所取得的成就。古代斯里兰卡的铁产品主要是块炼铁和高碳钢,冶铁技术主要有阿腊口腊瓦瓦的自然通风竖炉和以季风为鼓风动力的撒马纳腊瓦瓦开放性矮炉两种,可能与缅甸的自然通风竖炉、日本的踏踏拉以及西非的多哥兰地区抽风式竖炉存在某些历史联系。     

"周公戈"辨伪之翻案

"周公戈"先后被郭沫若、江村治村、林清源等学者认为伪刻。本文从戈的形制、铭文结合文献记载及对其他地方的同类出土物等分析,认为该戈及铭皆不伪,戈的时代属战国中期。从戈铭可以见证战国时代西周君主的称呼方式,并反映了西周地区的铭刻特点。     

夏商时期的戈与野战方式浅说

戈是车战的产物,二里头出土青铜戈说明车战最晚始于夏末。夏商时期是戈发展的早期,其使用范围随着野战方式的演变而扩展到步兵。     

由曲内戈形制辨祖父兄三戈的真伪

曲内戈是青铜戈中形制特殊、时代特征鲜明的一类兵器。考古资料显示,曲内戈最早出现于二里头文化三期,主要流行于商代,进入西周早期就急剧衰落了。曲内戈的分布地域比较广,主要见于河南、河北、陕西、山西、山东、湖北等地的商代墓葬中,其中在河南安阳殷墟出土的数量最多。近年来,随着考古资料的日益丰富,对曲内戈进     

中国早期黄铜混合矿冶炼工艺的模拟探索

按照"混合矿冶炼工艺"模拟了黄铜冶炼实验。利用X射线衍射、X射线荧光、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜等方法,分析了模拟实验所得的黄铜样品,并讨论了中国早期黄铜的冶炼工艺。实验结果表明:当温度高于800℃时,孔雀石、炉甘石和木炭在密闭装置中,即可反应生成黄铜,所炼黄铜的金相组织以等轴晶为主,伴有少量孪晶。冶炼温度在800℃时,所炼黄铜的含锌量低于5%;850℃时,其含锌量可超过10%;达到900℃后,其含锌量将超过20%。     

A long-distance copper alloy trade to the North Eastern Baltic during the late pre-Roman and Roman Iron Age (250 BCE–450 CE) explored with lead isotope MC-ICP-MS

The North Eastern Baltic has no copper resources of its own, meaning that Cu alloy was imported either as raw material or as finished objects. The north-eastern coastline of Estonia during the late pre-Roman and Roman Iron Age was connected to the south by sea to the long-distance ‘amber’ trade route and to the east by Russian river systems. This study quantitatively assesses the direction of the Cu alloy supply in the region before and after brass enters circulation at the beginning of the Roman Iron Age. After an initial portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) survey, 18 objects were chosen for Pb isotope analysis. This isotope analysis resolved a group of nine brass artefacts from the Roman Iron Age amongst a ‘melting pot’ of other Cu alloys. The similarity between the isotope ratios found in the Roman world suggests the presence of the same ‘melting pot’ in the North Eastern Baltic, possibly created by a large amount of Roman Cu alloy being traded north. No evidence for Cu alloy from Scandinavia or the Ural Mountains could be found. The hypothesis from this small study is that the Cu alloy entering Estonia was dominated by metal from Southern Europe from the late pre-Roman Iron Age and the Roman period.     

The 19th‐Century Akko Tower Wreck,Israel: a summary of the first two excavation seasons

The shipwreck designated as the Akko Tower Wreck lies at the entrance of Akko harbour, Israel, 35 m north of the Tower of Flies, in 4.4 m of water. Following two seasons (2012 and 2013) of underwater excavation, it is suggested that it is the remains of a merchant brig of 200 tons, dated to the first half of the 19th century, and built under the influence of the French shipbuilding tradition in an established shipyard. The full story of the ship and its place in the maritime history of Akko, however, remains an enigma.     

Evidence of early medieval soda ash glass in the archaeological site of San Genesio (Tuscany)

The early medieval period marks an important turning point in the history of glassmaking, since it comprises the transition period between the mineral-based silica-soda-lime glass of the Roman tradition and the plant ash-based glass. With the aim of expanding the knowledge on the glass recipes and technologies of this period, 37 glass samples were analyzed, originating from the archaeological excavations of San Genesio (Tuscany) and dated from the fourth to the eleventh century. The major and minor element concentrations were measured with SEM-EDX, while the trace elements were quantified with LA-ICP-MS. The results were compared with published compositions of glass samples of similar age in order to highlight differences and similarities. The results offer a very interesting view on the glass circulation in the religious/residential/manufacturing center of San Genesio in the early medieval period. Most of the glass has a typical late-Roman composition, but some glass fragments are identified as soda ash glass. These are among the earliest medieval ash-fluxed glasses ever found in the Italian peninsula.