对第二次世界大战史学的贡献——初读《中国抗日战争史》

对第二次世界大战史学的贡献——初读《中国抗日战争史》王振德三卷本《中国抗日战争史》（以下简称《三卷本》）由解放军出版社出版问世了。几十年来,我国学者对中国抗日战争史进行了多方面的研究,《三卷本》是这一研究的新成果。它使用了中央档案馆、中国第二档案馆所...     

萧启庆教授著《元代的族群文化与科举》评介

萧启庆先生是中研院院士、新竹清华大学历史研究所荣誉讲座教授,以蒙元史研究享誉海内外,成果颇丰。其主要著作有《西域人与元初政治》（1966年）、《元代军事制度》（The Military Establishment of the Yuan Dynasty）（1978年）、《元代史新探》（1983年）、《蒙元前期名臣传论》（In the Service of the Khan：Eminent Personalities of the Early Mongol-Yuan Period,1200－1300）（1993年,联合主编）、《蒙元史新研》（1994年）、《元朝史新论》（1999年）等,并为《剑桥中国史》英文版（TheCam．bridgeHistoryofChina）第六卷（1994年）撰写《元朝中期政治》（Mid-Yuan Politics）一章。     

评谢保成著《增订中国史学史》

<正>2016年10月商务印书馆出版了谢保成著三卷四册本《增订中国史学史》,这是继白寿彝主编的六卷本《中国史学史》(上海人民出版社,2006年)、谢保成主编的三卷本《中国史学史》(商务印书馆,2006年)和杜维运著三卷本《中国史学史》(商务印书馆,2010年;1993—2004年在台湾出齐)之后的又一部多卷本《中国史学史》,也是     

从国家政治的角度看文革——读麦克法夸尔的《文化大革命的起源》

谁的文革？ 哈佛大学教授罗德里克·麦克法夸尔著的三卷本《文化大革命的起源》（以下文内简称《起源》）的中译本由香港新世纪出版社出齐。中国内地出版社曾在上世纪80年代末、90年代初出版了经过删节的此书第一卷和第二卷的中文译本。     

1994年中国历史地理研究概述

１９９４年中国历史地理研究概述华林甫１９９４年的中国历史地理研究成果丰硕,共出版论著二十部左右。人民出版社隆重推出已故谭其骧先生所著《长水集续编》（１９９４年１２月）,谭先生主编《中国历代地理学家评传》第三卷和《简明中国历史地图集》也分别由山东教育出...     

中华人民共和国有一个独特的序——编写《中华人民共和国史稿(序卷)》的必要性和意义

中华人民共和国有一个独特的序——编写《中华人民共和国史稿（序卷）》的必要性和意义康文斌当代中国研究所率先提出并编纂中华人民共和国史稿《序卷》,这是当代中国史研究、编纂的一项重要成果,应予充分重视。但是,一些书评和讨论对《序卷》的必要性和意义讲得似不够...     

敦煌遗书《泉州千佛新著诸祖师颂》研究

敦煌遗书《泉州千佛新著诸祖师颂》研究李玉昆《敦煌遗书总目索引》载：《泉州千佛新著诸祖师颂》,斯坦因劫经录１６３５。终南山僧慧观撰序（宋？〕招庆省登（登同,因无此字,故以登代之,下同）著。题记,沙州三界寺沙门道真记。斯１６３５号卷是斯坦因盗去的敦煌写本...     

郡齋讀書志訂正(三)

<正>晁公武《郡齋》卷四云:博古圖三十卷右皇朝王楚集三代、秦、漢彜器,繪其形範,辨其款識,增多吕氏《考古》十倍矣。顧案:《遂初堂書目》、《直齋書録解題》卷八著録此書,題作《宣和博古圖》,未著撰人名氏。宋翟耆年《籀史》題曰"徽宗聖文仁德顯孝皇帝《宣和博     

2012年中国历史地理研究综述

由于历史地理学科界定的问题,因此无法对本年度发表的论著和论文的数量进行准确的统计,仅就笔者所见,本年度出版的研究著作和论文集主要有：邹逸麟《中华大典·历史地理典·总论分典》（西泠印社出版社）、郭声波《中国行政区划通史·唐代卷》（复旦大学出版社）、余蔚《中国行政区划通史·辽金卷》（复旦大学出版社）、韩茂莉《中国历史农业地理》（北京大学出版社）、成一农《空间与形态：三至七世纪中国历史城市地理研究》（兰州大学出版社）、孙靖同《舆图指要——中国科学院图书馆藏中国古地图叙录》（中国地图出版社）、程龙《北宋粮食筹措与边防》（商务印书馆）、     

《大英博物馆蒙古钱币》及相关问题述评

司丹雷·兰．伯乐所著《大英博物馆蒙古钱币》作为《大英博物馆东方钱币目录》第六卷于１８８１年在伦敦出版。该书虽已出版百余年,但至今仍是研究蒙古钱币、中亚钱币和中国钱币不可替代的工具书和参考书。 书前有作为该书编辑的法国学者Ｒｅｇｉ－ｎａｌｄ Ｓｔｕａｒｔ Ｐｏｏｌｅ所作的前言。前言说,作为 《大英博物馆东方钱币目录》第六卷所收钱币,均为成吉思汗及其后裔统治的蒙古时代流通的钱币,其相当于Ｆｒａｅｈｎ所分类的第１８—２２之间的类型。铁木尔及其家族所铸造的钱币未包括在此卷中,将收在下一卷（即第７卷）中,因为…     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

The Chemists' Style of Thinking

Der Denkstil der Chemiker. Der Aufsatz diskutiert die Tragfähigkeit des Begriffes “Denkstil”, wie er von Alistair Crombie eingeführt und Ian Hacking aufgegriffen wurde, für das Verständnis dessen, wie das Fach Chemie historisch seine Identität ausgeprägt hat. Obwohl weder Crombie noch Hacking den Begriff “Denkstil” in Bezug auf einzelne Disziplinen verwendet haben, erscheint im Fall der Chemie seine Anwendung besonders vielversprechend, weil er hier hilft, ein zentrales Problem zu thematisieren – nämlich die Frage, wie es Chemikern trotz wechselnder Gegenstandsbereiche und theoretischer Umbrüche gelang, eine eigenständige und stabile Identität auszubilden. Nach einer Einführung in den Begriff “Denkstil”, argumentiert der Aufsatz, dass die Beständigkeit der Chemie als eines Faches wesentlich in ihren Laborpraktiken gründet, die ihrerseits wiederum die spezifische Art der Fragen bestimmten, die Chemiker in ihren Forschungen stellten bzw. die Form der Antworten, nach denen sie suchten. Folgende Merkmale kennzeichnen diesen “chemischen Denkstil” (1) eine spezifische, im Herstellen begründete Form des Wissens, (2) die Befassung mit einzelnen Stoffen und Materialien statt mit Materie im Allgemeinen und (3) eine Beobachtung von Natur besonders im Hinblick auf Transformationsprozesse. The Chemists' Style of Thinking. This paper discusses the relevance of the notion of “styles of scientific thinking” introduced by Alistair Crombie and revisited by Ian Hacking, for understanding how chemistry shaped its identity. Although neither Crombie nor Hacking applied this notion to individual disciplines, it seems appropriate to use it in the case of chemistry because it helps to address a puzzling issue: how did chemists manage to shape an identity of their own, despite shifting territories and theoretical transformations? Following a presentation of the notion of style, I will argue that the stable identity of chemistry is rooted in laboratory practices, which determined the specific questions that chemists put to nature as well as the answers to their questions. The “chemical style of thinking” is characterized by i) a specific way of knowing through making, ii) the concern with individual materials rather than matter in general and iii) a specific commitment to nature.