Structure and culture in a non‐partisan Westminster parliament: Canada's northwest territories

For legislatures which have not developed out of indigenous political culture, it is important to understand the interplay of structure and culture. This paper examines the influence of structural arrangements and of cultural context on the attitudes and perceptions of members of the legislature in Canada's Northwest Territories (NWT). This institution is marked by a notable lack of congruence between its British cabinet‐parliamentary structure and the aboriginal political culture of NWT society. Structure and culture are both found to be important influences, but on different attitudinal dimensions: structure affects members’ perceptions of how political processes work, whereas culture determines members’ normative evaluations of politics.     

Science and non‐science in modern medicine

Morton Glasser and Gretel H. Pelto. The Medical Merry‐Go‐Round. South Salem, New York: Redgrave Publishing Company, 1980. 167 pp. $6.90.     

Hospitals and physicians in socio‐historical context: Three studies

Romanucci‐Ross, Lola. Mead's Other Manus: Phenomenology of the Encounter. Massachusetts: Bergin and Garvey, 1985. xxii + 230 pp. including maps, pictures, appendices, references and selected bibliography, and index. $24.95 cloth.     

Beach ridges and other shore deposits in south‐west Jura

EUROPE

Planning Research. Edited by W. Pearson. 9¾ × 7¼. Pp XVI + 158. London: The Town planning Institute, 1961. 18s. 6d.

Highland Folk Ways. By I. F. Grant. 8½ × 5½. Pp. XIII + 377. 77 figures. 3 maps. London: Routledge &; Kegan Paul, 1960. 40s.

British Landscapes Through Maps. Edited by K. C. Edwards. No. 1. The English Lake District. By F. J. Monkhouse. 9¾ × 7½. Pp. 19. 18 plates. 3 figures. 1960. No. 2. The Yorkshire Dales. By C. A. M. King. 9¾ × 7½. Pp. 24. 18 plates. 3 figures. 1960. No. 3. Guernsey. By H. J. Fleure. 9¾ × 7½. Pp. 20. 16 plates. 4 figures. 1961. Sheffield: The Geographical Association. 4s. 6d. each.

ASIA AND AFRICA

Nepal. By P. P. Karan. 10¾ × 13¾. Pp. 101. 60 illustrations. 35 maps. Folded map in two colours. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1960. $10.00.

Physical Geography of Asiatic Russia. By S. P. Suslov. Translated by N. D. Gershevsky. Edited by J. E. Williams. 10¼ × 7½. Pp. XIV + 594. 50 maps. 11 diagrams. 16 drawings. 1 end‐paper map. London: W. H. Freeman, 1961. 105s.

Transportation in Ghana. Northwestern University Studies in Geography No. 5. By P. R. Gould. 9 × 6. Pp. X + 163. 13 tables. 4 plates. 113 figures. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Department of Geography, 1960.

CLIMATOLOGY

Précis de Climatologie. By C. P. Peguy. 9¾ × 7¼. Pp. 347.097 diagrams and maps. 3 folding maps. Paris: Masson, 1961. N.F. 42.

PHOTOGRAMMETRY

Photogrammetry. By F. H. Moffitt. 9¼ × 6¼. Pp. XI + 455. Numerous figures and tables. Scranton, Pennsylvania: International Textbook Co, 1959. $ 12.00.

Photogrammetry, Basic Principles and General Survey. By B. Hallert. 9¼ × 6¼. Pp. IX + 340. Numerous figures and tables. New York: McGraw‐Hill Book Co, 1960. $ 12.00.

GENERAL

Britain and Beyond: People of the World. Book one. By R. W. Morris. 7¾ × 5½. Pp. 209. 129 photographs. 18 maps. 24 diagrams. Glasgow: Blackie &; Son Ltd., 1960. 8s. 6d.     

The non‐identical Chinese twins: Traditional China and Chinese Yankees at the centennial exposition of 1876

Six years before the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, Americans gazed at China through an elaborate exhibit brought to the Centennial Exposition. ‘Orientalists’ praised the exotic beauty of the objects and the sophistication of the Chinese attendants, but they were enamored only with Chinese high culture. In contrast, ‘Progressives’ saw the exhibit as proof of China's stubborn refusal to enter the modern world. When 113 Chinese boys studying in New England schools toured the exposition, Orientalist and Progressive opinions converged. Both groups agreed that these boys demonstrated the requisite intellectual ability and cultural refinement to undergo the Americanization process successfully. By revealing this critical link between citizenship and class (comprising education, status, and professional achievement), reactions to the Chinese presence at the exposition shed light on the widespread movement to curtail Chinese immigration.     

Negara Ubud: The Theatre‐state in Twenty‐first‐century Bali

In his book Negara: The Theatre‐state in Nineteenth‐century Bali (1980), Clifford Geertz argued that ceremonial display, rather than material power, was the real basis and indeed the purpose of pre‐colonial states in Bali, and by extension South East Asia. This article argues, on the basis of historical and ethnographic evidence from one of these kingdoms, that he was largely wrong about pre‐colonial Bali, but that, ironically and presciently, his model makes increasing sense in early twenty‐first century Bali. The article also discusses the reasons for this and finally suggests a more dynamic model based on Bourdieu’s metaphor of material and symbolic capital, which seeks to bring Geertz’s essentially static model to historical life.     

Internationalization of non‐capital cities in Europe: Aspects,processes and prospects

Starting with an analysis of the nature of economic internationalization in processes, this text tries to point out what effects these processes have on the development of large cities and on the restructuring of the hierarchy of urban networks. Based on a survey carried out in 18 European non‐capital cities, it attempts to highlight the common features of international cities. Some clearly differentiated processes and aspects of internationalization of these cities are described, leading to a dynamic typology of their profiles. The text also considers the question of planning strategies which municipalities can elaborate to adapt to new prospects of internationalization and analyses the limitations of such voluntary policies.     

The prefects and party‐state relations in Fascist Italy

Abstract

This is a study of the prefects, the arm of central government in the provinces, under the Fascist regime. Using the author's own survey of those appointed prefects after the decision to establish the ‘totalitarian’ state, it considers the phenomenon of the ‘Fascist prefects’ in relation to the progress of career officials, methods of recruitment and the prevailing bureaucratic culture, in order to assess the extent of the ‘Fascistization’ of the Interior Ministry. It then looks at how both career and ‘Fascist prefects’ actually operated on the ground and their relations with the Fascist Party in the provinces. The article concludes, on the evidence of continuing party‐state conflict throughout the 1930s, that there was a ‘totalitarian’ regime in the making.     

Peatland conservation in Buchan,north‐east Scotland: The historic context and contemporary issues

Scottish peatlands are now recognised as important habitats for conservation, and are increasingly protected by both national and international designations. This paper examines peatland conservation in north‐east Scotland, using recently published data to assess habitat quality, and relating this to longer‐term historical trends in attitudes towards peatlands, and their utilisation. The historical data indicates that peatland losses in northeast Scotland have been extensive, and occurred rapidly during the 18th and 19th centuries, when peatlands were regarded as fuel sources, or wastelands which could be converted to agricultural use. Threats have lessened in the second half of the 20th century, and many sites are now protected by conservation designations. However, historical attitudes towards peatlands often persist, and this can pose problems which must be addressed if conservation management is to be successful.     

Through a glass,darkly: Some non‐anthropological approaches to cross‐cultural research

Croll, Elisabeth, Delia Davin, and Penny Kane, eds. China's One‐Child Family Policy. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985. xvi + 237 pp. including individual chapter notes and references and index. $27.50 cloth.

Unschuld, Paul U. Medicine in China: A History of Ideas. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985. xi + 423 pp. including appendix bibliography, and index. $40.00 cloth.     

Perchta the belly‐slitter and her kin: a view of some traditional threatening figures,threats and punishments

In the contemporary folklore of Austria, Frau Perchta (active during the twelve days of Christmas) is depicted as the rewarder of the generous and the punisher of the bad. But the punishments she inflicts, such as ripping out a person's guts and replacing them with refuse, do not seem to fit the crime. This paper links Perchta's behaviour, and that of other bogeyman figures, to their historical context. Initially Perchta was the enforcer of communal taboos, hunting down those who spun on holidays or who failed to partake sufficiently in collective feasting (a propitious act designed to ensure future plenty). However, with the growing involvement of peasant women in the market economy (particularly for textiles), Perchta's role changed to the punisher of the lazy. Yet Perchta's previous roles survive, in attenuated form, in each new incarnation.