The Archaeology of Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico

The site of Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico, is well known for its distinctive architecture and sculpture that came to light in excavations initiated some 70 years ago. Less well known is the extensive corpus of archaeological research conducted over the past several decades, revealing a city that at its height covered an area of c. 16 km² and incorporated a remarkably diverse landscape of hills, plains, alluvial valleys, and marsh. Its dense, urban character is evident in excavations at over 22 localities that uncovered complex arrangements of residential compounds whose nondurable architecture left relatively few surface traces. Evidence of craft production includes lithic and ceramic production loci in specific sectors of the ancient city. Tula possessed a large and densely settled hinterland that apparently encompassed the surrounding region, including most of the Basin of Mexico, and its area of direct influence appears to have extended to the north as far as San Luís Potosí. Tula is believed to have originated as the center of a regional state that consolidated various Coyotlatelco polities and probably remnants of a previous Teotihuacan-controlled settlement system. Its pre-Aztec history exhibits notable continuity in settlement, ceramics, and monumental art and architecture. The nature of the subsequent Aztec occupation supports ethnohistorical and other archaeological evidence that Tula’s ruins were what the Aztecs called Tollan.     

The,prologues of sallust

The figure of Arete has often been seen as problematic as her presentation by Nausicaa and Athena leads to expectations concerning her importance which are apparently not met. This article presents various theories concerning the significance and role of Arete in the Phaeacian episode and suggests that the importance of Arete is to be seen as connected with the significance of Scherie as a borderland between the real world and the fairy tale world of Odysseus’ travels.     

The Medieval Manor of Penhallam,Jacobstow, Cornwall

THE remains of the medieval manor of Penhallam lie in a sheltered valley in the parish of Jacobstow, some 3 miles from the sea. It was one of the principal houses of the Cardinham family who held, under the king, the largest seignory in the county of Cornwall. Extensive excavation between the years 1968 and 1973 revealed substantial remains of a sophisticated manor house, standing within an earlier ring-work. The stone-built house was constructed in four periods during the late 12th and early 13th centuries. It was deserted in the middle of the 14th century and was gradually demolished. Mo remains of the buildings were visible above ground at the time of the commencement of the excavation. The site, now known as Berry Court, takes the name of a small homestead of probable 16th-century origin, standing on the outer edge of the moat.

There was no visible trace of the hall associated with the early Norman ring-work, but its existence is attested by the subsequent development of the site. Excavation revealed that there were stone buildings standing on the four sides of a courtyard. They comprised a hall, camera, chapel, service rooms, lodgings and a gatehouse. From these remains it was possible to obtain much information about the construction and development of a medieval manor house in the 12th and 13th centuries. Excavation of the 13th-century gatehouse and drawbridge well revealed the construction, assembly and operation of a counter-balanced bridge.

The excavation finds, attributed to the 13th and early 14th centuries, have been presented to the Royal Institution of Cornwall at Truro.     

The Social Life of Robots: The Politics of Algorithms,Governance, and Sovereignty

This symposium aims to broaden the way scholars theorise and empirically treat the increasingly complex relationships between robots and social life, especially in the context of our historically anthropocentric human geographies. The authors of this symposium engage a range of diverse epistemological, ontological, and methodological commitments, but all in some way address the power dynamics and shifting political economies involved in human–robotic interactions as well as possibilities for resisting and overcoming particular forms of domination and oppression. At the same time, the papers present new avenues for conceptualising the rise of robots and robotics and the everyday socio-spatial relations of contemporary algorithmic life. In a rapidly evolving present and future, where life is increasingly managed in relation to algorithmic imaginaries and automated fantasies, these papers demonstrate the potential for geographers to make significant interventions and contributions to investigate the limits, contradictions, and messy contingencies of socio-technical assemblages, to trace the shifting spatialities and temporalities of the geographies of algorithmic governance, and to envision radical democratic, post-capitalist, emancipatory alternatives. These futures are unlikely to be “robot free”, so the question remains how will we build a future set of geographies that acknowledges this reality while also claiming space for the diverse and rich expansion of all forms of life, both human and non-human?     

山西芮城清凉寺墓地玉器

清凉寺墓地位于芮城县东部西陌乡清凉寺村。现存元代木构建筑清凉寺坐落在墓地上。中条山余脉之南有恭(共)水涧,恭水自北而南注入黄河。全长16．9公里,原属长流河,近20年来因天旱少雨,已成季节河。恭水涧沿两岸北起坡头遗址往南绵延10余公里至刘堡遗址,断断续续有新石器时代遗址数处。清凉寺墓地位于坡头     

The Shipwrecks of Xlendi Bay,Gozo, Malta

Xlendi Bay, Gozo, Malta, is a rich underwater site. It was discovered in 1961 by British Navy divers on a training mission. Since then, a significant number of artefacts has been retrieved but not well studied. This paper summarizes a recent detailed study of the archaeological material and describes five amphora types that have not yet been identified. It also takes deep‐water surveys that have recently been conducted by various teams into consideration.     

古城旧事

<正>走近古城,犹如翻开一部大百科全书的通史卷,一页页都书写着曾经的沧桑与神秘。“雕栏玉砌应犹在,只是朱颜改”,老城里的风,永远不急不缓地吹着,高高的围墙,雕花的屋檐,残存的瓦片,岁月和风雨磨损了当年的风光,老城的装饰却始终保存着历史的痕迹,昭示着曾经的辉煌,城墙背后的故事值得我们反复回味。