On the Medieval and the Modern: Reading Nicholas of Cusa

ABSTRACT

In addressing not only the Conciliarist controversy of his day but issues of civil and ecclesiastical government and challenges to the Church, from reform movements to the division between Catholic and Orthodox traditions, Nicholas of Cusa (1401–64) continues to provoke responses. Some see him as the first modern; others view him as the last great medieval thinker. Demonstrating a breadth of interests, Nicholas of Cusa has come to be viewed as an important transitional figure who continues to provoke debate on the Western tradition and the history of political thought.     

The Origins of British Military Psychiatry Before the First World War

Abstract

This article discusses the military role of the Moorish units deployed by the Nationalists during the Spanish Civil War (1936–39), and assesses their impact in cultural, social, and religious terms, especially given the image of Muslim troops going back to the Reconquista.     

俄国近代政治恐怖主义的源流

俄国近代政治恐怖主义被视为近现代国际恐怖主义之源,而涅恰耶夫被视为政治恐怖主义的“鼻祖”。他的极端主义的理论思想、政治主张和活动方式,不仅对19世纪七八十年代俄国的社会政治运动,而且对民意党和社会革命党,都产生了极其重要的影响。而民意党和社会革命党的恐怖主义理论、组织原则、宣传和行动方式,则为当代国际恐怖主义组织所继承。     

The Military of Qajar Iran: The Features of an Irregular Army from the Eighteenth to the Early Twentieth Century

The article examines the parameters of the irregular army in Qajar Iran, including its assembly, numbers, and provisions, as well as the army's organizational structure: its administration and the divisions of the ad hoc forces (provincial militia and tribal cavalry) and of the standing forces (the shah's bodyguard and artillery corps). Until the creation of the so-called regular army units in Iran at the beginning of the nineteenth century, the irregular army was regarded as the only military force in the service of the Qajar dynasty. Despite the existence of a “regular army,” irregular forces, particularly tribal cavalry, continued to play a significant role in Iran's military system throughout the nineteenth century. By understanding the features of the irregular army—its role in Qajar society, its organizational and social structures, its ethnic composition, and other characteristics—we can better understand the character of the state itself.     

蒋介石与黄埔建军

黄埔军校的建立,催生了一支区别于中国传统军队的新型军队,在中国近代历史上具有重大意义。作为黄埔军校校长,蒋介石对军校有着十分重要的影响,从政治、组织、思想等方面,为军校构架了一个基本的轮廓。