中华人民共和国史研究的发端

1978年 1月 11日 ,时任中国社会科学院院长的胡乔木 ,在该院召开的制订科研计划和规划的动员会上说 :“现代历史 ,我们已经有了鸦片战争以后的 ,民国以后的 ,以至五四以来的历史研究 ,但是 ,中华人民共和国成立以后的历史 ,现在还没有着手认真地进行研究 ,要赶快着手研究。”① 这是第一次郑重提出中华人民共和国史的研究问题。动员会后 ,胡乔木就确定研究选题和新建研究所两个方面提出建议 ,都把中华人民共和国史研究列入。其一 ,胡乔木提出要搞 10 0个马克思主义基本著作的选题。他在 1977年 12月中央宣传部召开的社会科学界知名人士座谈…     

说说中华民国参政院税收建议案

介绍中华民国初期,北京参政院代行立法院提出税收问题建议案,强调理财强兵富国,动员人民爱国纳税。     

The theory and implementation of the People's Republic of China's revolutionary diplomacy

The foreign relations of modern China, starting from the birth of the People's Republic in 1949 until the Cultural Revolution, can be said to have had continuous ups and downs and twists and turns. Its underlying abstruse principles, while stemming from nationalism, contained for the most part the Chinese Communist Party's own revolutionary principles and individual revolutionary experiences. The Chinese Communist revolution was based on class analysis and class conflict, on struggle and ideology. This ideology determined how China viewed itself and the world; no views could be separated from the ideology of class struggle and class analysis. The leadership's adherence to this type of ideology led to the long-term instability of China's diplomacy. Though those who, like Mao Zedong, employed class revolution in order to seize political power while viewing class analysis, class struggle, and in particular the success of using class ideology in a united front policy as the magic wand of the revolution's success, were singularly able to adapt such views to China's foreign policy and diplomacy. This became the fundamental red line for China's foreign policy.     

Diplomatic relations through wartime alliance: the Republic of China's relations with Canada

Relations between China and Canada began 150 years ago with the arrival of Chinese immigrants in British Columbia. However, formal diplomatic relations were not established until 1942, when Canada and the Republic of China (ROC) became wartime allies in their common fight against the Axis powers. The Canadian government soon passed a China aid program and earmarked 52 million Canadian dollars in war materials for China. This aid program was not favored by either the United States or Great Britain, but was unilaterally adopted by the wartime Canadian government. However, shipments of war materials destined for unoccupied China were blocked by geographic barriers and could not reach their destination. Canada's China aid program continued during the immediate post‐war years. The main motivation was economic: to get rid of Canada's surplus war materials and to develop bilateral trade relations. The aid program came to a halt in late 1948 only when China's political development made the Canadian government change its China policy. Afterward, Canada's diplomatic relations with ROC were stringently maintained until the Canadian government granted diplomatic recognition to the People's Republic of China in 1970. This article is a brief survey of the Canada–ROC relations during those years.     

20世纪上半叶民国政府对西南边疆少数民族的调查

20世纪上半叶,由于西南边疆危机严重等原因,曾出现对西南边疆少数民族调查的热潮。调查分为民国政府组织的官方调查、学术团体的调查和个人的调查三类。过去有学者对民国时期学术团体与学者的西南少数民族调查做过介绍,但对民国政府组织的官方调查却没有人进行过研究,有关调查资料亦未得到合理的整理利用。本文收集相关档案史料,就民国政府对西南边疆少数民族调查的背景、调查情况和成果做初步研究,分析调查的成绩与不足。     

捷克·克鲁姆洛夫 去那中世纪的波希米亚

<正>穿过波希米亚,从布拉格到捷克南部小城克鲁姆洛夫,只有不到3个小时的车程。即便是午饭之后再出发,到达时也还有足够的时间来享受一杯咖啡或啤酒,慢慢等夕阳穿破蓝天和白云,照在城堡里高高的彩绘塔上。时间流淌在光阴的指缝间相比起捷克东部的摩拉维亚·克鲁姆洛夫(Moravian Krumlov)小镇来说,南波希米亚的捷克·克鲁姆洛夫(Cesky Krumlov)更为著名。它被络绎不绝的观光客简称为CK,并以多彩的波希米亚元素和历史久     

民国科学社团发展研究——以中国科学社为中心

中国科学社作为民国时期最为重要的综合性科学社团,对各专门学会的创立与发展有指导与示范作用,但没有成为联合全国各专门学会的统一组织,没有担负起“指导、联络与奖励”中国科学发展的学术评议功能。这一角色转换没有完成,与民国各重要学术团体之间存在“门户”之见、中国科学社自身由于历史原因形成的组织系统、国民政府国家科学发展体系的形成等因素有关。这样,作为制衡政府强力的民间科学社团力量在民国时期并没有形成统一的合力,极大地影响了民国科学的发展。     

清末民初华北农民市场意识研究

清末民初,伴随着农村商品经济的发展,华北农民在组织生产的过程中市场意识日渐增强。农民观念上的这种变动在实践活动中有着较为鲜明的体现,其形成是主客观多种因素共同作用下的结果。这些如同一面镜子,从一个侧面大致反映了当时农村社会经济生活的风貌。     

China's energy security

As the Chinese energy deficit increases at rates equal to or exceeding its economic growth, energy security raises an alarm among its policy-makers and the international community. This article asks whether China faces any threat to its energy security; and whether China's worldwide quest for energy is a threat to the regional and international stability. The main argument is that while China faces serious challenges in meeting its rising energy demand, its efforts to do so have been primarily domestically focused. In its foreign energy policy, China has behaved like a normal player in the international energy market, buying as much oil as it can and investing in as many places as it can afford. It is unlikely that the country is willing to seek overseas energy supplies at the expense of a peaceful regional and international environment which is a necessary condition for its continuing economic development.     

China's urban geography

"In this paper I seek to review recent work on Chinese urban geography and to appraise the development of China's urban geography as a field of study both inside and outside China. The temporal scope will span scholarship finished and published mainly during the 1980s." The focus is on works published in English. The author examines the primary topics of interest, methodologies and theories, and available sources of data.     

Geography in the Mongolian People's Republic

A review of the development of geographic research in Mongolia Until the late 1940's Soviet geographers played a key role in Mongolian research, then largely limited to work in physical geography. Since 1950 indigenous geographers have begun to play a dominant part, adding economic-geography research in recent years.