1989年以来的《年鉴》与法国史学

1989年以来,法国史学发生了重大的变化.声誉卓著的《年鉴》在与传统史学研究维持竞争的同时,又迎来了一系列的改革,并影响了一大批研究,诸如"记忆"、"特性"等.本文从1989年之后的改革导向出发,介绍法国史学的发展及其争论,特别是史学如何与其它学科相互结合,同时从今日法国学界讨论较多的"公共史学"等维度出发,略加述及史学的一个重要功能在于介入社会,并且表达它的政治用途.     

New Women's Writing in France

Recent years have been marked by the deaths of a number of central figures of French women's writing: Marguerite Duras (1996), Christiane Rochefort (1998), Nathalie Sarraute (1999), Marie Cardinal (2001). It is too soon to know which of the newer writers currently attracting interest on the French literary scene and beyond will achieve similar canonical status. None the less, the passing of one generation of authors has coincided with the rise of a new generation of particularly exciting writers, many of whom first published work during the 1990s. Names such as Christine Angot, Marie Darrieussecq, Régine Detambel, Camille Laurens, Linda Lê, Marie Ndiaye, Amélie Nothomb are joining those of already established writers such as Hélène Cixous, Annie Ernaux, Sylvie Germain, Marie Redonnet and Leila Sebbar in what is a thriving and vibrant field of study, examined in this article.     

Women's History and Biography

Books reviewed in this article: Helen M. Hopper, A New Woman of Japan: A Political Biography of Kato-Shidzue Delia Jarrett-Macauley, The Life of Una Marson 1905-65 Cynthia Nelson, Doria Shafik, Egyptian Feminist: A Woman Apart Judith Olmstead, Woman Between Two Worlds: Portrait of an Ethiopian RuralLeader Lizabeth Paravisini-Gebert, Phyllis Shand Allfrey: A Caribbean Life     

Gendering the History of Women's Healthcare

This essay examines the genesis and continuing influence of certain core narratives in the history of western women's healthcare. Some derive from first‐wave feminism's search for models of female medical practice, an agenda that paid little attention to historical context. Second‐wave feminism, identifying a rift between pre‐modern and modern times in terms of women's medical practices, saw the pre‐modern European female healer as an exceptionally knowledgeable empiricist, uniquely responsible for women's healthcare and (particularly because of her knowledge of mechanisms to limit fertility) a victim of male persecution. Aspects of this second narrative continue subtly to effect scholarly discourse and research agendas on the history of healthcare both by and for women. This essay argues that, by seeing medical knowledge as a cultural product – something that is not static but continually re‐created and sometimes contested – we can create an epistemology of how such knowledge is gendered in its genesis, dissemination and implementation. Non‐western narratives drawn from history and medical anthropology are employed to show both the larger impact of the western feminist narratives and ways to reframe them.     

The history men. The historical profession in England since the Renaissance

This study of port cities, focusing on those on the Atlantic facade of France, argues that their economic significance cannot be understood within the canons of an insular French, or even European history. They were often case studies of the more general phenomenon of the early globalisation of Europe. In particular, navigation, fishing, trade, and colonisation, depended not only on the seas and the port but also on the agrarian hinterlands. They were often determinative of national imperial expansion. Thus, the success of exports and imports were not necessarily judged on Atlantic crossings but rather on the supply and demand of national or European economies. Commerce did not end on the seashore, in a port, or even in a contraband network, but often deep within a nation's hinterlands.     

Writing the History of Irish Women

Joanna Bourke, Husbandry to Housewifery: Women, Economic Change, and Housework in Ireland 1890-1914 Margaret Ward (ed.) In Their Own Voice: Women and Irish Nationalism Mary O'Dowd and Sabine Wichert (eds) Chattel, Servant or Citizen: Women's Status in Church, State and Society Joan Hoff and Moureen Coulter (eds) Irish Women's Voices Past and Present