Criticism of Humanity——A Case Study of A Dog’s Taleby Mark Twain

对人性的讨论自古就有,圣经中的亚当夏娃,教宗额我略一世的七宗罪等早已被人们所知晓;从马克思,恩格斯对人性的阐述,到刑事人类学派创始人龙勃罗梭的《犯罪人论》,都可以看出人们不断地对人性进行着探索。人们试图从中发现人性的本真,善恶,以使人类更为深刻地了解自己。人性的善恶之争从未停止,而本文将以马克·吐温狗的自述为例,来对人的趋利性、攻击性、忘恩负义等恶性进行批判,以使得人们更为深刻地自省,最终能够减轻或摒弃人类恶的本性,以达到自我的提升。     

Inheritance and Vicissitude of the Tibetan Diet——A Case of A Tibetan Rural Community

The dietary structure and customs of the Tibetans1 include both simple and complex elements.The transition from a diet composed mainly of tsampa and butter tea to the integration of alien and industrialized foodstuffs into the Tibetan dietary culture reflects,in a way,the processes of adaptation,integration and vicissitude of the Tibetan rural community during modernization.This article attempts to discuss the relationship between the traditional culture and modernization in Tibetan rural communities during the process of cultural interaction and modernization by studying the dietary structure and customs of Tibetan farmers in Nyang-re Township located in the north outskirts of Lhasa,Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR).     

The Wilsons — A Line of Engineers

Abstract

In addition to his enduring engineering works, Thomas Telford was the inspiration of several lines of engineers whose progenitors worked for the great man. This paper describes such a line, continuing for five generations of engineers. Its founder was one of the two John Wilsons who worked as managing overseers for Telford. The John Wilson here considered, worked on the Caledonian Canal, the Göta Canal and the Glencorse dam. Two of his sons became civil engineers, one establishing his own business in London and the other travelling the world. They in turn were succeeded by two nephews, one of whom carried on the London consultancy whilst the other became Chief Engineer to the Great Eastern Railway. They in turn had sons who continued as civil engineers, and grandsons who have diversified into newer branches of engineering.     

An economic analysis of a National Theatre: The case of the ‘Abbey’

Abstract: This article asks how a regional community is culturally constructed as a policy subject in the centre/periphery relation of Finnish cultural policy. The focus is on the options the cultural recognitions analysed from the cultural policy documents of central government and the provincial administration of North Karelia provide for different political interests. It is stated here that the democratisation of cultural policy can be open for and a vehicle of the interests the prevailing spatial dominance attempts to get within the population of peripheries. North Karelia has for centuries been a geographic and economic periphery without inner cultural distinctions. Yet it is regarded as a culturally rich and specific area. The analysis shows that the regional community has continuously been used as a partisan identity for maintaining and reinforcing the spatial integration of national projects. Public cultural image would provide a symbolic compensation for the economically underprivileged. Furthermore, the strong cultural identity of North Karelia has constantly been taken by the regional establishment as an instrument to fight the “opponents of common regional interests” in political conflicts. Thus the principles of democracy have not always meant the capability or attitude to notice cultural polyphony within the region abreast of cultural political decision-making.     

A Brief Review of Alexander von Stael-Holstein——A Great Scholar in Asiatic Studies

＂Stael-Holstein＂（i897-1937） should be a memorable name in Asian academic field, but it＇s a pity that today it has been almost forgotten by us. His full name in German is Alexander von Stael-Holstein. And ever since he inherited his baronage in I897, everybody called him Baron Alexander von Stael-Holstein. The Chinese translation 钢和泰 is just from the last part of his German name, i.e. the family name： Stael- Holstein. 钢 is the translation of the German ＂Stael＂ which means ＂steel＂ and 和泰 is the transliteration of ＂Holstein＂. The most familiar Chinese translation today is of course 钢和泰 or 钢和泰男爵, but there are many variants in Chinese scholars＇ writing, such as 钢和泰, 钢和泰太, etc.     

A Brief Analysis of Discrimination in Language Classroom——from the Perspective of Sociolinguistics

It is widely acknowledged that sociolinguistics is the study of language in certain context concerned with our society.Sociolinguistics and linguistics are intrinsically related to each other,but there has been difference as well.Linguistics research deals with language system itself,which belongs to the micro level on the one hand;many phenomena reflect discrimination in language classroom,these discrimination are caused by social factors to a certain degree.This paper makes a brief analysis of discrimination in language classroom from the perspective of sociolinguistics,which deals with many issues such as depiction of language discrimination、analysis of phenomenon and accordinglysolved measures.     

The Tangut Xixia Collection of Buddhist Paintings——A preliminary survey of the current status of scholarship

Buddhism is central to understanding the globalized historical processes taking place in the Hexi Corridor,a region running northwest from the bank of the Yellow River up till the nowadays Xinjiang-Gansu border and being flanked by the Tibetan Plateau and the Gobi Desert to the south and north respectively.As part of the trade route networks conventionally designated as the Silk Road,the area has functioned as an important nexus linking China proper,China's Tibet and Central Asia in pre-modern times.Buddhism,as the region's backbone of pan-Asian importance,intermingled with the ups and downs of cultures and historical entities until the Islamic takeover.     

THE CONCERNS OF A CENTURY-OLD GENIUS——A memory of Ngabo Ngawang Jigme from my period of working in Beijing

<正>On Dec.23rd of 2009,Ngabo Ngawang Jigme,the great hero of the Tibetan people,close friend of the Communist Party of China and well-known social activist,left this world forever.This was a severe loss for the Tibetan people, the Communist Party of China and the state.Our sadness is overwhelming as we recalled our memories of this century-old genius.     

A SURVEY of the Ancient City of Zhangzhung——Notes on Archaeological Work in Ngari

The ruins of GugeKingdom arefound in Ngari,atthe westernmostpoint of the Tibet Plateau. Itabuts India in the west andsouth,Kashmir in the north-west and Xinjiang in the north.Screened by mountains onthree sides,it is tucked awayat an elevation of 4,000meters. This is a part of theworld which is very dry.TheZhangzhung Culture existedbefore the kingdom wasfounded.     

A Patriotic Living Buddha——Story of the 5th Living Buddha Geda

Geda was born into a serf‘s family in Garze County, Sichuan Province in 1903. At the age of seven, however, when the 4th Living Buddha of the Baili Monastery passed away, he was chosen as his soul boy and thus became the 5th Living Buddha.     

The Representation of Joe Whelks: Charles Dickens’s Reflections on a Theatre Audience

This article explores how Charles Dickens both alludes to and occludes the Victoria Theatre’s looking-glass curtain in his article ‘The Amusements of the People’ (1850). This vast mirror curtain hung at the Victoria in the early 1820s and again in the mid-1830s. Contending that Dickens would have been aware of this spectacular novelty, this article argues that his reference to the Victoria Theatre’s management ‘holding up a mirror’ to its audience is an allusion to the curtain. The mirror curtain reflected the working-class audience at the theatre back to itself, putting it ‘on the stage’, a comment on the nature of representation and its relationship to reality. Like theatre itself, which it also figured, the mirror curtain had a heterotopic nature, both representing and contesting reality. This challenge was particularly unsettling to middle-class onlookers in the context of the representation of an unrepresented (disenfranchised) plebeian audience. I argue that Dickens’s article, like the mirror curtain, reflects the Victoria’s working-class audience and that he alludes to the mirror when making radical arguments concerning the political and class-based nature of aesthetic judgements about representation. His article, however, remains equivocal about the right to working-class self-determination and enfranchisement that the mirror curtain represented. Dickens gestures to, but occludes, the curtain and displaces it with his own representation of the Victoria’s audience and his mediation on their behalf. Ultimately, the challenge posed by the looking-glass curtain to the social and aesthetic order is too great to be fully acknowledged.     

Historiography and Chinese modernity—A study of the historiographical ideas of Li Dazhao

ABSTRACT

In search of modernity in China, history played a crucial role. Many leading intellectuals in modern China were historians and/or historical thinkers. Despite his untimely death, Li Dazhao was particularly important. Among his cohorts, Li was arguably the first one who paid close attention to the need for the Chinese to change their views of the past and accept Darwinism as a new historical outlook. That Li later became an avowed Marxist also had a good deal to do with his belief in Darwinism or evolutionism. He was fully convinced that history moves along a linear progressive path, which enabled him and many others to argue the necessity of changing China for the modern. In a word, the acceptance of historical evolutionism paved the way for the commitment to modernity by the Chinese.     

Territory—A Natural Resource of Georgia and Problems of its use for Settlement

The problem of the conversion of land use from farming to settlement or construction presents a particularly issue in mountainous regions like Georgia where usable land resources are scarce. Whenever possible, valuable agricultural land should not be removed from cropping and be used for expansion of the settled area. If such conversion is unavoidable, the land should be carefully evaluated and compensation paid to the agricultural establishment concerned. In general, unused land should be chosen for construction, even if additional outlays are needed for improvement. A formula is proposed for comparing the additional outlays needed to improve poor land with the loss in net income that would be suffered by the conversion of farm land to construction.     

The ‘Copper Age’—A History of the Concept

Journal of World Prehistory - The idea that there was a Copper Age between the Neolithic and Bronze Age was inspired by the discovery of the use of native copper in prehistoric North America. Its...