Lincoln as Commander-in-Chief

Abstract

Abraham Lincoln's presidency was defined and dominated by war, yet Lincoln himself had very little direct experience with warfare; nor had the American presidency been truly tested by war when he took office. Lincoln had to negotiate very difficult political and constitutional terrain as he waged the Civil War: issues of executive authority, constitutional powers and their limitations, and the nature of civil liberties during war constantly bedeviled him. His guiding principle in all these matters, and the greatest lesson we can learn from him today, was his flexibility and his pragmatism.     

The Deserted Medieval Village of Riseholme,near Lincoln

Abstract

Advances in the understanding of the Anglo-Saxon burh in the last 25 years, a reassessment of the date and context of the Burghal Hidage and a recent analysis of comparable archaeological evidence from Cricklade make it necessary to review the archaeological evidence of the defences of the late-Saxon burh at Christchurch. This enables a reconstruction of the urban landscape, which in turn allows a new view of the significance of hidage assessments in the Burghal Hidage for all the burhs in the system it describes. It also places the development of Christchurch in the context of that of other burhs in Wessex and southern Mercia, and throws a new light on general historical processes in the 9th to the early 11th centuries.     

Madness and colonisation: The embodiment of power in Pangia

The article considers two examples of ‘madness’ which occurred during the colonial era in Pangia district, Southern Highlands Province, PNG. The first, immediately prior to pacification, concerned outbreaks of madness among young Wiru men which were similar to the ‘wildman’ behaviour described in the Highlands ethnography. The second style of madness was associated with the so-called ‘hysteria’ accompanying revival activity by Christian missions. The two styles are compared using a Foucauldian perspective, primarily for the ways in which colonial technologies of power were inscribed on the bodies of Pangia people. The article presents an anatomy of colonial power, and suggests an ethnohistory of the body is possible. It examines the ways in which this power was created through discourses and practices involving concepts of the ‘primitive’ and ‘heathen,’ resulting in a transformation of the Wiru subject.     

1878年"林肯县战争"与"比利小子"

1878年发生在新墨西哥领地内的“林肯县战争”,是美国西部开发时期一次非常重要的牧区战争。它的爆发不是偶然的,有着深刻的政治和经济原因。这次长达5个月的流血冲突,是圣菲集团支持下的墨菲派与竞争对手麦克斯温—滕斯托尔派争夺对林肯县经济和政治控制权的必然结果。战争结局实质上是一种政治分赃,确保了墨菲家族在林肯县的垄断地位。“比利小子”在这场流血冲突中只不过是麦克斯温—滕斯托尔派雇用的一名枪手,但在后来的许多传说中,他却成了“林肯县战争”的主角。一个多世纪以来,关于“比利小子”的历史著作、小说、电影、歌曲和传说不计其数。“圣徒比利”取代了“魔鬼比利”,“林肯县战争”却被人淡忘了,即或有人偶尔记得它,也是从“比利小子”的出场背景中得知的,“林肯县战争”的真相则完全被“比利小子”的传说湮没或扭曲了。