欧洲社会民主主义的起源及早期演变

欧洲的社会民主主义与社会主义是同源的,社会民主主义是社会主义运动内部改良派和修正主义观点不断发展和系统化的体现,其发展变化主要根源于西欧国家变化的社会现实和历史条件.社会民主主义在变化的现实面前不断地调整和变革,从而作为欧洲社会民主党的主流意识形态和一种政治学说而保存至今,从欧洲社会民主主义的起源上可以窥见端倪.     

Employment Deconcentration: A New Perspective on America's Postwar Urban Evolution

In this study we show that during the postwar era the United States experienced a decline in the share of urban employment accounted for by the relatively dense metropolitan areas and a corresponding rise in the share of relatively less dense ones. This trend, which we call employment deconcentration , is distinct from the other well–known regional trend, namely, the postwar movement of jobs and people from the frostbelt to the sunbelt. We also show that deconcentration has been accompanied by a similar trend within metropolitan areas, wherein employment share of the more dense sections of MSAs has declined and that of the less dense sections risen. We provide a general equilibrium model with density–driven congestion costs to suggest an explanation for employment deconcentration.     

去圣托里尼追寻蓝与白的浪漫世界

<正>丰富的历史积淀让希腊充满了迷人的风情,爱琴海更是让圣托里尼包裹上了一层浓重的浪漫主义情调。来到神秘的爱琴海畔,听海风从远处传来,感受着历史的光影与当下的浪漫时光。圣托里尼,带给我的不仅仅是温柔旖旎,还有时光背后的沉思与遐想。     

漫步波尔图 邂逅浪漫美景

<正>原本对葡萄牙的印象是宜居,但是波尔图给我上了一堂关于浪漫的课,尤其是这种小巧清新的浪漫,叫你瞬间享受其中,毫无过渡,没有适应的过程,波尔图充满生活气息的浪漫让人感到亲切,所谓巴黎式浪漫的距离感在这里毫无踪迹。如果在巴黎你还觉得对浪漫陌生,在波尔图,你本身就是浪漫的一部分。     

Greening America's Skylines: The Diffusion of Low-Salience Policies

The diffusion literature is replete with examples of highly salient policies spreading across subnational governments. However, low-salience policies that do not benefit from a groundswell of public opinion also spread across jurisdictions in patterns that appear similar to those of other, more well-known policy ideas. This research is an investigation of the mechanisms that propagate low-salience policies. I analyze the adoption of the U.S. Green Building Council's (USGBC) Leadership in Energy Efficient Design standard across 119 U.S. cities from 2000 to 2008. The investigation indicates that a knowledge broker, in this case the USGBC, occupies critical roles in linking a low-salience policy to a broader set of widely held societal values, developing a common policy vocabulary, providing a base policy that jurisdictions may freely adapt, and creating a diffusion infrastructure by acting as a communication hub for existing and interested jurisdictions to discuss innovations and progress.     

The China Hearings: America's Shifting Paradigm on China

This article attempts to fill a hole in rapprochement literature by examining the 1966 Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearings on the People's Republic of China. Historian Michael Lumbers contends that the China hearings served as a watershed in American attitudes toward China. This article explains how and why this change occurred. The China hearings contributed to Sino-American rapprochement in two different ways. One, the witnesses suggested to the public a new policy toward China, containment without isolation. The popularity of containment without isolation and the Johnson administration's use of it in their policy reorientation suggest that the China hearings had an effect. The hearings were not only a turning point, but also the culmination of a larger process. It demonstrated that American sentiment toward China had clearly moved away from hostility and toward cooperation. And during the 1960s, scholars of East Asian studies served as opinion leaders in this process.     

Darwin Wept: Science and the Sentimental Subject

Could a man of science be sentimental in an age of objectivity, when emotions were largely purged from the field of Victorian science, and feelings themselves defined as animal instincts and reflex mechanisms? This essay addresses the question through Darwin's work on the expression of emotions, and the relationship between his work and his own emotional experience, with particular attention to grief and tears. An old woman in a railway carriage is suddenly overcome with a painful recollection, perhaps that of a long lost child – her mouth becomes ever so slightly contracted, her countenance falls, her eyes suffuse with tears … . An opthalmic surgeon perseveres with his treatise on the physiology of weeping while mourning the loss of his daughter … . With difficulty, a mother prolongs her infant son's screaming in order to record the shape of his mouth for a family friend and famous naturalist … . Her observations later appear in a work on emotional expression (Darwin's), together with photographs of sobbing children, and faces of a psychiatric patient charged with electrodes. Such subject matter, presented in correspondence, private journals, and print, suggest that science and sentimentality could form a more reciprocal pair, where observation was conducted in a sentimental setting, the feelings of observers regulated but not withheld, processed by an experimental regime, and then reinserted in the domain of print, reconfiguring the sentimental for Victorian readers.     

湖边的那一场如烟情事

明崇祯十四年（1641年）,东林领袖、常熟钱谦益与柳如是结秦晋之好。当年这对自发红颜,一同在尚湖之畔踏雪赏梅、寒舟垂钓。琴瑟和好,恩爱异常。