梁启超新史学从政治向学术的过渡

梁启超是中国“新史学”的创始人。1902年,他发起“史界革命”,推动了传统史学向现代史学的转化。梁启超在历史学的各个方面:史学理论、史学方法论、中外历史编纂、史学史、人物传记等各方面都有开创性的贡献。他的史学革命思想及其研究成果奠定了中国百年史学基业。梁启超被史学界公认为“理论和实践并重的史界巨灵”、“现代史林泰斗”。①一、挑起“史界革命”大旗1902年,梁启超写下了《新史学》一文,公开挑起“史界革命”的大旗,从此而开辟了中国现代史学的新天地。梁启超《新史学》的意义首先在于它是宣言书,宣告了具有三千年历史的传…     

Funding Economic Transition in China: The Privatization Option

An American specialist on the economy of China examines whether gradual and partial privatization remains a viable option for the future, or whether rapid privatization of remaining state-owned enterprises is now necessary. The paper presents estimates indicating that rising expenditures stemming from changes in the country's economy, demographics, and technology will increase fiscal pressure on government revenues, resulting in fiscal shortfalls and exposing other vulnerabilities. Privatization is then assessed in terms of its potential to generate additional resources to support the next round of economic growth in China. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: E62, H10, P20. 1 table, 54 references.     

Pinochet: The Politics

Against the background of the Pinochet affair, the author considers that a new era of international politics is in the process of being created. The House of Lords' ruling which has allowed extradition procedures against the former Chilean dictator, is understood as a formidable and groundbreaking decision in international law based on the defence of human rights against crimes committed by authoritarian and unlawful rulers. The decision taken under the European Convention on extradition and the setting up of a Permanent International Criminal Court in the summer of 1998 are, according to the author, signs that international law and international politics are moving in the direction of a universal acceptance that violators of human rights must bepunished.
However, the author is also cautious about the tension between the new path opened to international politics and the old power politics based on the absolute and indivisible sovereignty of the state. Double standards will certainly prevail and powerful states, in particular the United States, are reluctant to accept that international law and international politics are in the process of change.     

陈独秀的政治何以不得不谈?——“不谈政治”与转型时代知识分子时代转型

在中国近代思想史上的转型时代,知识分子实现了由传统向现代的转型,它表现为知识分子学术和政治身份的分离,政治本身的变化影响着这个过程.研究陈独秀“不谈政治”问题有助于对此作出揭示.早年积极反清时,政治和学术间张力在他身上已经显现;新文化运动中宣称“不谈政治”,一方面意味着他选择学术,暂时掩盖了张力;另一方面,“不谈政治”背后关心的仍是政治,反映出政治正在逐步“发现社会”;五四运动后,政治必须通过社会运动来推进,政治和学术间的张力也就达到了顶点.知识分子时代转型的复杂过程意味着一次分流,以学术为业的现代知识分子继续呼吁“不谈政治”,相当部分投身社会运动的政治行动主义者则成为职业革命家,中国革命呈现新的面貌.     

Economics,Politics, and Storytelling in the Yangzi Delta since 1949

Empirically rich and historically illuminating, Gilded Voices contributes a new and important perspective to the growing field of scholarship dedicated to rethinking PRC cultural history beyond the conventional dichotomy of Mao-era state domination and Reform Era autonomy, By corroborating a range of historical source materials-from personal interviews, municipal archives, periodicals, and audiovisual recordings-Qiliang He constructs a convincing argument that market competition and pursuit of individual livelihood played a much larger role in early PRC culture than previously thought, a pattern that, He shows, continues in the Reform Era, rather than emerging after the Cultural Revolution as something new.     

The Politics of Environmental Policy in the People's Republic of China

The People's Republic of China (PRC) has made substantial progress in developing environmental legislation and a complementary regulatory structure. These gains are directly related to the economic reforms and opening to the outside world that began in the 1970s, which introduced a greater emphasis on efficiency and more awareness of the costs associated with pollution and environmental degradation. However, the economic growth and devolution of power unleashed by the reforms have also created new environmental stresses and to some extent reduced the regulatory capability of governmental authorities. As a result, some environmental stresses are increasing even as progress is made on other fronts. Political participation is restricted and environmental issues only occasionally acquire political salience. However, international pressure on the PRC to conform its conduct to international environmental norms is likely to increase, which is likely to affect domestic policymaking.     

当代中国的口述史学理论研究

本文对20世纪80年代以来当代中国口述史学理论研究的发展进程作了初步划分,并从五个方面,即：一、口述史学的内涵和学科界定;二、口述史学的基本特征;三、口述史学的主体性与客观性关系及其科学性问题;四、口述史学的研究方法;五、口述史学的功能和价值,对当代中国口述史学理论研究的基本内容和主要观点进行了较为全面的介绍和评述。     

新中国成立以来的首都地铁建设

1953年9月,中共北京市委主持制定了《改建与扩建北京市规划草案的要点》,第一次明确提出“必须及早筹划地下铁道的建设”,从此拉开了北京地铁建设的序幕。北京地铁的建设一开始就与战备连在了一起,在线路方案和埋设深度等方面,军方的意见受到重视。与此同时,相关部门进行了一系列前期的规划与施工准备工作。但1961年由于经济困难,中央决定北京地铁建设暂时下马。此后由于国际形势趋于紧张,我国面临战争威胁,1965年北京地铁开始恢复建设,并成立了以军方领导人为主的地铁建设领导小组。1989年12月20日,地铁“一环一线”通过了国家验收正式投入运营。现在,北京地铁已从最初的“战备为主,兼顾交通”转变为以交通运营为中心,在城市交通中发挥着越来越重要的作用。