郎世宁与他的中国合作者

本文在以表格形式梳理清代意大利来华耶稣会士画家郎世宁与其十位中国合作者的工作内容、时间之外,简要探讨了他与其中几位合作者之间的微妙关系,这不仅可从一个侧面展现出郎世宁在华期间的工作、生活以及交游情况,同时也有助于我们客观看待和把握其在皇帝眼中的地位及在中国的整体处境。     

The Shadow of Napoleon

A number of critics have drawn attention to the increased number of violent women in film, media and literature and to the apparent collusion between women and violence in women's own fiction. This article examines three autofictional works by Duras, Hyvrard and Cixous to see to what extent, and in what ways, these ‘textes de sang’ rewrite and rework incidents of violence in the individual and the family, of self-mutilation and imperialism, and of illness, grief and mourning. In each case, a variety of narrative techniques is employed which enable the writer to engage with, and emerge from, identities affected by violence. In all three cases, the violent fracturing of identity into ‘je/s' and ‘elles' is co-opted into a strengthened authorial voice and a new, uncollusive persona.     

Making His Return with Fullness of Will and Upholding Aspirations

The year 2015 marks the 20 th anniversary of the enthronement of the Eleventh Panchen Lama.Born on Feb.13 th,1990 in Lhari County,Nagqu Prefecture of Tibet,the Eleventh Panchen Lama was enthroned in the Tashilhunpo Monastery on Dec.8th,1995 after a traditional lot-drawing ritual in the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa and being approved by China's State Council.China's Tibet published a commemoration album for the 20 th anniversary of the enthronement of the Eleventh Panchen Lama and invited Honorable Lhagpa Phuntsok to write the preface.Here we share it and the auspicious moments in the album with our readers.     

Choiseul: The Making of a Diplomat

ROHAN BUTLER. Choiseul, Volume i: Father and Son, 1719–54. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980. Pp. xxxv, 1133. $135.00 (US).     

Between Napoleon and Tsar Alexander: The Polish Question at Tilsit, 1807

Abstract

The defeat of Prussia by Napoleon in 1806 and the resulting insurrection in Prussian Poland re-opened the complex ‘Polish Question’. The former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth had been wiped off the map only eleven years earlier. The large size and the civic traditions of the Polish ‘political nation’ meant that the three partitioning powers (Austria, Prussia, Russia) were bound to be alarmed by the developments in Prussian Poland. Napoleon’s attitude to the Poles was cautious, but, as the campaign against Russia (Prussia’s new ally) continued into 1807, he authorized the creation of a Polish army and of a quasi-government in Warsaw. The article examines the negotiations over the future of Prussia’s Polish lands held between Napoleon and Tsar Alexander I at Tilsit in June–July 1807. Hard geopolitical considerations influenced the negotiations which eventually produced a compromise solution in the form of a so-called ‘Duchy of Warsaw’ under the King of Saxony. Although the Poles had no direct influence on the negotiations, the Polish military effort on the side of France was an important factor in the outcome of the settlement. The Russians remained deeply wary of the new duchy, especially after its enlargement in 1809. With the collapse of the Napoleonic Empire in 1814–15, Tsar Alexander acquired most of the duchy which was to survive for many years under Russian rule as the so-called ‘Congress’ Kingdom of Poland.     

Justice Hugo Black and His Law Clerks: Match‐Making and Match Point

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