当代中国公民法治意识探析

社会主体法治意识是实现"依法治国、建设社会主义法治国家"的关键和核心。法治意识作为一国公民的理性品质,构成法治国家的精神底蕴,它既是法律规范化的思想动力,又是制度建设的精神支柱。笔者从我国公民法治意识的现状入手,提出了对公民进行法治意识培养和教育的措施与办法。     

Lessons from Praxis: Autonomy and Spatiality in Contemporary Latin American Social Movements

In the course of the 20th century, left‐libertarian thought and praxis never ceased to be present in Latin America, even during the most difficult years of competition with Marxism‐Leninism and of military repression. But it was above all from the 1990s onwards that particularly original kinds of libertarian thought and praxis began to flourish there. Alongside more or less renewed versions of classical anarchism, new forms of praxis and analysis emerged at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century; from Mexican neo‐Zapatism to a part of Argentina's piqueteros to some expressions of Brazil's sem‐teto movement, many new movements and ideas have developed in the last two decades. These new movements are at the same time remarkably libertarian and by no means reducible to the very honourable but somewhat too restrictive label “anarchism”. In fact, many of them are clearly “hybrid”, in the sense that they are products of both left‐libertarian and Marxist influences. Typically, these Latin American movements share a commitment to principles such as horizontality, self‐management and decentralism (which have never been part of Marxism's typical repertoire of practices and principles); moreover, autonomy is a key notion for most of them. Furthermore, spatial practices, territorialisation among them, are proving decisive for many movements and protest actions. The concept of territory is one of those “geographical” concepts that have been intensely subjected, in recent decades, to strong attempts of redefinition and debugging. In this paper, the territory is fundamentally seen (as a first approximation) as a space defined and delimited by and through power relations, and it is important to see that power (both heteronomous and autonomous power) is exerted only with reference to a territory and, very often, by means of a territory. The kind of power exerted by emancipatory social movements does not constitute an exception to this rule.     

Native American Women in a Contemporary World

Most scholarly literature of Native American peoples and cultures focuses on the ill effects that colonialism has had on their societies and cultures. However, recent scholarship explores the creative adaptations that Native Americans have made to modern life. There is also more research on the lives of women. Finally, current research is often conducted as a collaborative venture, with the scholars/editors giving up some of their power and authority to their Native American collaborators. This review discusses two recent books, Grandmother's Grandchild and Blood and Voice, that reflect this new scholarship.     

Childbirth and Social Class in Contemporary Japan

This paper presents data from a larger ethnographic research project on intimacy and reproduction in Japan, a country that faces a “crisis of ultra-low fertility rates” (Jones, Straughan, & Chan, 2009). Proceeding from a symbolic interactionist perspective, the paper analyses the outcomes of interviews with 56 Japanese mothers aged between 29 and 45 from Tokyo and Kanagawa. The analysis identified “maternal instincts” (honnō), children’s schooling, and marriage as three major axes along which an understanding of how social class concerns influence the childbirth experiences and decision-making processes of these mothers could be gained.     

当代西方新社会文化史述论

自 2 0世纪七八十年代以来 ,西方的历史学研究正经历着一次“语言转向”或“文化转向” ,出现了新的研究领域和方法 ,这种新的史学研究实践通常被称为“新社会文化史”。本文考察了“新社会文化史”产生的背景 ,其理论基础 ,它对历史学带来了何种冲击和影响 ,并开拓了历史学研究的哪些新领域 ,提出了历史学研究何种新方法。文章也对新社会文化史进行了简要的评论 ,提出我们该如何面对这种新的历史学理论和方法 ,并作出我们的选择。     

Social Service Delivery and the Voluntary Sector in Contemporary Australia

Continuing poverty, deprivation and unemployment in rich English-speaking countries have led governments to reconsider existing methods of delivering social services. In Australia, the Minister for Employment Services, Tony Abbott, has developed a doctrine of 'constructive compassion' to justify human service delivery through private firms and voluntary organisations. The McClure Report has also argued for 'social partnerships' involving governments, the business community and the voluntary sector. The limited purpose of this research note is to evaluate these arguments using the conceptual tools of market failure, government failure and voluntary failure and drawing on some of the theoretical literature on the voluntary sector, especially Billis and Glennerster (1998). We contend that considerable scope does indeed exist for social service delivery by voluntary organisations, subject to at least one important caveat.     

当代中国史视角下的社会史研究

新时期以来当代中国史研究日益受到学界重视,取得了引人瞩目的研究成果。近几年来,当代中国史研究出现了新的发展态势,越来越多的学者提出了要加强与政治史、经济史、文化史并列的社会史研究,强调以整体视角来拓展与深化当代中国史研究,这既蕴涵着学术演进的内在逻辑支配,又有着与外在的社会现实相契合的时代机遇。在此发展背景下,一些国史学者从宏大叙事转向微观实证,致力于地方、社会层面的微观研究,重视地方史料的发掘与整理,取径民间,以区域或地方为个案进行实证研究,力求在地方史或区域史研究的基础上把握总体史的样态。因此,很有必要从方法论的角度,以社会史为视角检讨当代中国史研究的开拓与进展,从而推动社会史这一新的学科的建设与发展。     

中国当代社会史研究之我见

中国当代社会史的研究对象涉及中国社会的方方面面,但重点是当代中国社会的基本构成、社会建设和社会生活变迁三大部分。中国当代社会史应以剖析社会结构为基础,以论述社会建设为核心,以揭示社会生活变迁及其规律为目标。目前的中国当代社会史研究仍面临种种难题。当下的首要任务是系统而全面地收集和整理有关当代社会史的研究资料。在研究中,力图把个案研究与社会整体研究结合起来;把静态分析与动态研究结合起来;注意当代社会生活变革与政治变动的互动关系。     

一部展现当代中国社会历史全貌的著作--读《当代中国社会史》

中国社会史研究自20世纪80年代全面复兴以来,逐步从历史学的边缘领域走向舞台中心。1996年,为进一步确立社会史学科的性质、任务和地位,加强对社会史研究的“宏观把握、整体架构工作”,由龚书铎任总主编,曹文柱和朱汉国任副总主编的8卷本《中国社会通史》出版面世,描摹了先秦至民国数千年间中国社会发展变迁的历史图景。