Ladies of Legend: The First Generation of American Women Attorneys1

In 1893, Chicago attorney Ellen Martin sent an invitation to her sisters in law to attend a first ever Congress of Women Lawyers, a convention to be held in conjunction with the Chicago World's Fair. Her announcement went out to “All women in the United States and elsewhere who have been admitted to the bar of a court of record or graduated from a law school.” Martin and Fredrika Perry, her law partner, had chronicled the rise of the woman lawyer in an 1887 article titled “Admission of Women to the Bar.” ² Thanks to their survey and the 1890 national census, Martin knew there were more than 200 female attorneys in the United States—what we may think of as the first generation of U.S. women lawyers. ³ Speculating that many of them would come to a meeting that coincided with the World's Fair, Martin made the argument that her sisters needed to form a professional association for the purpose of learning from each other and binding themselves more closely together.     

Fair Ladies: The place of women antique dealers in a post-industrial Italian city

After the collapse of its state-subsidized industries, Genoa is taking up a new role as a ‘city of culture’ capable of attracting tourists and high-tech companies alike. Part of the process of urban renovation entails the transformation of Genoa's streets and piazzas into sites for the consumption of culture. This happens, among other ways, through a proliferation of antique fairs that give chronically under- and unemployed middle-class women an opportunity for self-employment. This essay is an ethnographic exploration of how middle-class women antique dealers draw on their gendered and classed skills—especially their aesthetic sensibility and their humanistic cultural capital—to stake out a place for themselves in an urban sphere molded by a neoliberal economy of culture.

Mujeres de las ferias: el lugar de las negociantes de antigüedades en una ciudad post-industrial italiana

Después del fracaso de sus industrias subvencionadas por el Estado, Génova se trata un nuevo papel como la ‘ciudad de cultura’ capaz de atraer turistas y empresas de tecnología avanzada. Parte del proceso de renovación urbana implica la transformación de las calles y las plazas de Génova a sitios para el consumo de cultura. Se ocurre, entre otras formas, a través de una proliferación de ferias de antigüedades que da a las constantemente sub- y desempleadas mujeres de la clase media una oportunidad para volverse autónoma. Este artículo es una exploración etnográfica de cómo las negociantes de antigüedades de la clase media utilizan sus experiencias de género y clase—especialmente sus sensibilidad estética y sus capital cultural humanístico—para definir un lugar para sí mismas en una esfera urbana formada de una economía neoliberal de la cultura.     

South Carolina Shipyards: Labour,Logistics, Lumber and Ladies

Southern shipyards, like Hobcaw and Mars Bluff, were established at locations chosen primarily for convenient access to transportation networks, building materials, clientele and labour. The historical record reveals a home front role played by local plantation owners and slaves as shipyard labour. Women served as project fundraisers, shipyard dilettantes, shipwright’s wives and possibly slave mistresses with a paucity of material culture to confirm their presence in the archaeological record. Archaeological investigations on land and underwater yield evidence of artefacts associated with diet, shipbuilding, warfare and ethnicity.     

汉画《列女图》与《秋胡戏妻》图像考

汉代画像石上有“秋胡戏妻”题材的图像，本根据献记载和考古资料，对此类图像的出现、艺术价值以及对后世的影响，作了考述。     

Constructing and practicing feminist pedagogy in Taiwan using a field study of the Twenty-Five Ladies Tomb

Drawing on theories of space, gender, and participatory learning, central concepts in feminist pedagogy, the author designed a university-level general-education course that took the Twenty-Five Ladies Tomb in southern Taiwan as the focus of a field study and class discussion. This local gendered site, which commemorates a 1973 ferry accident that killed 25 unmarried young women working in Kaohsiung, raises issues about patriarchy in Taiwan, gender inequities in traditional Han customs, and women's labor. The course relied on guided class discussions and focus-group discussions, culminating in a visit to the site. Face to face with the researched, the author not only built an inclusive and supportive relationship with students in the classroom, but also put her researcher's reflexivity into teaching practice. Research results indicate that the freedom of the class discussion format succeeded in breaking down the logic of binary opposition that accompanies the traditional gender duality of male/female. Avoiding a top-down teaching style also minimized students' resistance to perspectives emphasizing gender equality.     

Ladies who Lounge: Class,Religion and Social Interaction in Seventeenth‐Century Isfahan

Western society appears inordinately keen on outdated and stereotypical tropes of Islamic architecture, talking of a ‘hidden world’ of Islam in which women are seen and not heard as they live their lives incarcerated in the harem. This trope of Western Orientalism has become entrenched in our culture through travel accounts, the writings of historical voyeurs such as Sir Richard Burton and the romantic/erotic imagery of nineteenth‐century Orientalist painters. This paper aims to dispel many of the preconceptions that are held regarding the Iranian harem and the role of women in Safavid society by addressing the status of elite Iranian women, but also placing them in the wider context and considering the evidence for lower‐class women who could simply not afford to live a cloistered life. There is also the case of non‐Muslim women whose religions forbade polygamy and who were therefore immediately placed outside the harem and, although Safavid Iran included significant numbers of Zoroastrians and Jews as well a handful of Hindus, this paper will concentrate on one particular religious minority; the Caucasian Christians who were such an integral part of Abbas’ great project that they were awarded a particular status in the city of Isfahan.     

加拉帕戈斯 从火山到深海的世界尽头之旅

<正>锤头鲨,顾名思义,这种鲨鱼有着像锤子一样的脑袋,准确地说来,它们的脑袋长得如同一把榔头,而眼睛就长在头的左右两侧,距离非常远,看上去颇有几分怪异,不过也正是因为这样,锤头鲨才有了更为广阔的视野。锤头鲨的寿命通常有30～40岁。一般来说,锤头鲨的体长在4米左右,体重230公斤上下,生活在热带及温带海域。在今天,锤头鲨已经成为濒危动物,在加拉帕戈斯,你能够见到这些"水中巨头"的身影,其实还有赖于当地政府的保护,厄瓜多尔政府已经在加拉帕戈斯群岛的海洋保护区内为濒临灭绝的锤头鲨设立了禁猎区,让这些"水中巨头"可以有一片生存的净土。     

折柳送别诗的民俗观照

“折柳”作为我国特有的送别习俗起源很早,因为“柳”在我国是“祝福”的象征,也是可以“驱鬼避邪”的“鬼怖木”;柳在中国古人心目中可以起到保护的作用,它既可以保护逝去的亲人的灵魂远行,同样保护活着的亲人路途平安。折柳送别的习俗植根于我国独特的传统文化,与我国古代人民的文化心理密切相关。