Ladies of Legend: The First Generation of American Women Attorneys1

In 1893, Chicago attorney Ellen Martin sent an invitation to her sisters in law to attend a first ever Congress of Women Lawyers, a convention to be held in conjunction with the Chicago World's Fair. Her announcement went out to “All women in the United States and elsewhere who have been admitted to the bar of a court of record or graduated from a law school.” Martin and Fredrika Perry, her law partner, had chronicled the rise of the woman lawyer in an 1887 article titled “Admission of Women to the Bar.” ² Thanks to their survey and the 1890 national census, Martin knew there were more than 200 female attorneys in the United States—what we may think of as the first generation of U.S. women lawyers. ³ Speculating that many of them would come to a meeting that coincided with the World's Fair, Martin made the argument that her sisters needed to form a professional association for the purpose of learning from each other and binding themselves more closely together.     

关于联邦德国第一代史学家的争论

联邦德国史学界历来争论不休。新旧世纪之交,那里又兴起了关于原西德第一代历史学家在第三帝国时期追随纳粹的历史的争论。这一争论涉及到许多历史学家,而争论中心主要是在战后西德史学界起主导作用的著名历史学家康策(W．Conze 1910—1986年),席     

中共第一代领导集体对西藏工作的认识

中共第一代领导集体认为：“西藏人口虽不多,但国际地位极重要”;“西藏是个了不起的地方”,“西藏如果不参加祖国的大家庭,这个家庭的事便不好办了,西藏在祖国大家庭里占有很重要的地位”;西藏地处祖国边疆,地理位置特殊;民族宗教问题比较突出;游牧业经济与基础比较落后;历史上曾遭受帝国主义侵略,遗留问题多,情况比较复杂;自然条件比较特殊。     

国内第一部系统的辛亥革命时期中日关系史专著--评《辛亥革命时期中日外交史研究》

由南开大学日本研究院俞辛焞教授著,日本东方书店出版发行的《辛亥革命时期中日关系史研究》日文版于2002年9月11日正式与大家见面了。该书是俞先生近年推出的又一部有关近现代中日关系史研究方面的力著,是国内第一部主要利用中日两国的档案资料,系统地、高密度地研究有关辛亥革命时期中国对外关系及中日关系的学术专著。     

墨西哥革命与第一次世界大战期间的英美墨关系

1917年墨西哥政府颁布了一部限制外国人在墨拥有财产的新宪法。此后不久德国外交部长阿瑟·齐默曼发电报给墨西哥领导人卡兰萨,提议双方建立同盟关系。为了更有效地控制全国,不久卡兰萨宣布没收英国在墨西哥的最大投资——铁路。这一系列举动严重激化了墨西哥与美国和英国的矛盾。1917-1918年,美英之间就如何处理与卡兰萨政府的关系问题产生了巨大分歧,但由于需要美国的帮助,英国政府最终作出了妥协。第一次世界大战的结束使英国失去了在墨西哥的影响力,从而进一步加强了美国对拉美地区的控制。     

Challenges and Dilemmas in Implementing the Americans With Disabilities Act: Lessons From the First Decade

The Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 represents a strong national commitment to protecting the full rights and opportunities of persons with disabilities. This article traces evidence of the impact of the ADA's implementation and compliance during its first decade.     

The Internal Security Acts of 1798: The Founding Generation and the Judiciary during America's First National Security Crisis

It is a truism that a nation must protect itself from internal enemies as well as foreign threats of aggression and invasion. But that is not the entire matter. Our American democracy has striven, with mixed success, to be careful that the justified ends of the American experiment—freedom, justice, and the rule of law—are not sacrificed on the altar of the means to protect these ends.