Portrayal of lobotomy in the popular press: 1935-1960

This study analyzed the content of popular press articles on lobotomy between the years 1935 and 1960. Both a qualitative and quantitative analysis provided evidence that the press initially used uncritical and sensational reporting styles, with the content of articles on lobotomy becoming increasingly negative through time. The initial positive bias occurred despite opposing views in the medical community, which provided a basis for more balanced coverage. These findings support the theory that biased reporting in popular press articles may have been a factor influencing the quick and widespread adoption of lobotomy as a psychiatric treatment.     

Portrayal of Lobotomy in the Popular Press: 1935-1960

This study analyzed the content of popular press articles on lobotomy between the years 1935 and 1960. Both a qualitative and quantitative analysis provided evidence that the press initially used uncritical and sensational reporting styles, with the content of articles on lobotomy becoming increasingly negative through time. The initial positive bias occurred despite opposing views in the medical community, which provided a basis for more balanced coverage. These findings support the theory that biased reporting in popular press articles may have been a factor influencing the quick and widespread adoption of lobotomy as a psychiatric treatment.     

Angels versus Devils: The Portrayal of Characters in the Gun Policy Debate

This research examines the role of the devil shift and angel shift in interest group rhetoric using the case of gun policy. The Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) suggests that the devil shift—whereby political actors characterize their opponents as more malicious and powerful than they actually are—is common in intractable policy debates. Through an analysis of e‐mails and press releases by two gun control organizations and two gun rights organizations, I examine how groups portray themselves and their opponents. I identify two dimensions relevant to these portrayals: (1) whether a character in a policy narrative is portrayed as good or evil, and (2) whether a character is portrayed as strong or weak. The findings indicate that while the devil shift is present, the angel shift—that is, the glorification of one's own coalition—is more common in gun policy groups' communications. Two alternative characterizations, which I call the angel in distress and the devil diminished, are also present. The use of these character portrayals varies significantly across political coalitions and as a function of communication purposes. The results suggest a need to reconceptualize character portrayals to better understand how they operate as narrative strategies in the NPF.     

山东安丘汉墓"裸戏"画像考

1959年12月,山东省文物管理处在安丘县西南董家庄发现一座东汉晚期大型画像石墓。次年,山东省博物馆对该墓进行了发掘。其后又将墓石拆解,运至安丘县城关果园内复原保存。该墓长14米,宽7．91米,由甬道和前、中、后三室以及一耳室、一侧室组成,用预制石料207块构筑,其中103块刻有画像。墓内共分布画像60余幅,     

Possible effects of solar variability on the middle atmosphere

This paper discusses the possible effects on the middle atmosphere of

• 1.(i) solar variability in emission in the u.v. and far u.v.,
• 2.(ii) solar proton events,
• 3.(iii) relativistic electron precipitation events,
• 4.(iv) corpuscular heating in auroras,
• 5.(v) joule heating by the auroral electrojet,
• 6.(vi) auroral NO production and
• 7.(vii) gravity wave emission by the auroral electrojet. It is important to establish the maximum depth in the atmosphere to which these effects go, in order to be able to determine whether the reflection of planetary scale waves from the troposphere is substantially altered by them.

     

Trading Shovels for Controllers: A Brief Exploration of the Portrayal of Archaeology in Video Games

Archaeology has been a persistent theme for video games, from the long-running Indiana Jones and Lara Croft franchises to more recent uses of archaeology in games like Destiny and World of Warcraft. In these games, archaeology is often portrayed as a search for treasure among lost worlds that leads to looting and the destruction of cultural heritage. In this article, we review the current state of archaeological video games, including mainstream and educational games. While this is not an exhaustive discussion, it provides an introduction and overview to the current landscape. We propose that an understanding of current popular archaeological video games is important to archaeologists for three reasons: (1) it is a source of potentially dangerous misconceptions about the discipline that must be addressed; (2) it can be a source of inspiration for funding and a means to recruit new students to the discipline; and (3) games can be leveraged as teaching moments in classrooms and public discussions. It is important that archaeologists recognize the ways the discipline is being portrayed in such public contexts, in order to maximize the potential benefit for archaeology and to prevent further misconceptions about the subject.     

美国西部开发的政治影响分析

美国西部开发有很深远的政治影响．西部新州加入联邦改变了美国政治舞台的区域力量构成;西部民主制度的确立和发展加速了美国政治民主化的趋势;西部开发加尉南北矛盾,但却有利于自由劳动制度的全面胜利;西部开发影响着美国两党制的形成与确立。     

Literary Influences on Tradition.

WILL-ERICH PEUCKERT. GABALIA. Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin, 1967. 578 pp. Reviewed by W. F. H. Nicolaisen.

STUDIES IN FOLK LIFE. Essays in honour of Iorwerth C. Peate. Edited by Geraint Jenkins. Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1969. Pp. xvii, 344. 46 Plates and 4 maps and 55 line drawings. £4 4s. Reviewed by Michael M. Rix.

ORAL EPICS OF CENTRAL ASIA. By Nora K. Chadwick and Victor Zhirmunsky. Cambridge University Press. 1969. Pp. 366. 75s. Reviewed by E. O. James.

So LEBEN SIE NOCH HEUTE. BETRACHTUNGEN ZUM VOLKSMÄRCHEN. MAX LÜTHI. Göttingen (Vandenhoeck &; Ruprecht) 1969. Pp. 130. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

THE DAWN OF TIME. Australian Aboriginal Myths in Paintings by Ainslie Roberts, with text by CHARLES P. MOUNTFORD. 1969. Angus and Robertson. 25s. (and Rigby Limited, Adelade). Reviewed by Roger Lancelyn Green.     

The Exotic Portrayal of Women in Isabella Bird Bishop's Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan

Isabella Bird Bishop's Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan is presented as an objective picture of Persia, purportedly reflecting eye-witness accounts. Setting the narrative in its historical context and employing the concept of exoticism, this paper aims to unearth its subtle imperialist underpinnings. It argues that Bird's portrayal of Persian women and their mores and manners as exotic is an effect of a mode of representation which depicts and constructs difference based on a British-oriented system of evaluation, in line with its imperialist interest in Persia. As such, the exotic representation of Persian women in need of British benign tutelage and a chivalric mission could be interpreted as lending implicit support to Britain's colonial intervention in and imposition on Persia.     

Possible radioindications of anthropogenic influences on the mesosphere and lower thermosphere

From an analysis of the variations of various ionospheric characteristics influenced by global anthropogenic effects, it is shown that the collision frequency v_en is the parameter that changes most when the ratio between the carbon dioxide plus methane and the other components is changed. Since this collision frequency is directly involved in the formation of ionospheric absorption, the latter is recommended to be regarded as the most sensitive ground-based indicator of the global ‘cooling’ of the near-Earth space. Expressions are obtained for the estimation of man-made influences by absorption measurements. For medium latitudes, we recommend the frequency range from 400 to 800 kHz as a sensitive range for these measurements.     

Pierre Manent and the Politics of the Possible

Pierre Manent's recent works are marked by what he describes as a sense of realistic political possibility, which he uses to form a political response to the challenge of Islamic radicalism. Manent's “politics of the possible” differs from the usual alternatives that propose to integrate Islamic communities on liberal-individualist terms, or to repatriate Islamic immigrants to their countries of origin. Neither of those alternatives involves “politics” in the sense of articulating a political form within the polity given to us—a polity that now includes a sizable antiliberal minority. Manent's proposal to incorporate Muslim communities formally into the French polity by way of a certain social contract is thus a “politics of the possible” even if it is unlikely to be pursued. This article outlines Manent's account of political possibility and discusses two difficulties with his approach. First, the modern state's success and account of its legitimacy have distanced it from the foundational experiences in which it was capable of addressing the question of religion. Second, the situation caused by the radicalization of existing and new Muslim communities occurs at a different juncture in European political history from that which gave rise to the modern state.     

明代人口分布对社会经济的影响

明代人口分布与社会经济发展有着密切的关系。从地域上看,明代人口分布并不均衡;从时间上看,明代前、中、后期各地区人口分布发生了一些变化。明代人口分布状况对社会经济布局、经济结构调整、城镇的发展、劳动结构和职业结构的变化以及局部地区人口过剩和资源紧张等方面均产生了极大影响,既有积极作用,又有消极作用。     

Spinoza on Fictitious Ideas and Possible Entities

The aim of this article is twofold: to provide a valid account of Spinoza’s theory of fictitious ideas, and to demonstrate its coherency with the overall modal metaphysics underpinning his philosophical system. According to Leibniz, in fact, the existence of romances and novels would be sufficient to demonstrate, against Spinoza’s necessitarianism, that possible entities exist and are intelligible, and that many other worlds different from ours could have existed in its place. I argue that Spinoza does not actually need to resort to the notion of possible entities in order to explain the incontrovertible existence of fictions and fictitious ideas. In order to demonstrate this, I will first show how, according to Spinoza, true ideas of nonexistent things need not be regarded as fictitious ideas. Then I will show by which means Spinoza can justify the real existence of fictions and fictitious ideas in the human mind through our present knowledge of actually existing things, to conclude that fictitious ideas neither add anything to what we already know of things, nor do they increase the extent of the existing conceivable reality by demanding the existence of possible non-actualised entities.     

论“墨学复兴”对中国近代社会的影响

近代“墨学复兴”这一特殊历史现象无论在资产阶级革命的实践中 ,还是在近代科技文化发展及世风伦理的转变过程中均对近代社会产生了较为深刻的影响 ,研究这一历史现象对今天新价值观的构建也有较大的理论意义。