太平洋战争爆发前英国远东政策的演变

1937年7月,日本发动了全面侵华战争,企图称霸亚太地区,这与英国维护在华利益、维护华盛顿体系的政策产生了尖锐矛盾。为了对付日本的挑战,英国对日采取了绥靖与争斗相结合,以绥靖为主的对策,对华采取了援助与背弃交互使用的两面政策。     

有关太平洋战争爆发后日本外交与特工人员在澳门活动的几点补正

值此澳门即将回归之际,笔者据藏在北京图书馆的日本驻澳门总领事馆档案（以下简称“澳档”）揭露日本侵略者的罪行,并纠正中日两国有关论著的不确记载之处。对于抗日战争期间、特别是１９４１年１２月８日太平洋战争爆发后的澳门,我国所出版的有关近代澳门史的著作多语焉不详,如费成康的《澳门四百年》（上海人民出版社,１９８８年版。费氏当时在上海华东师范大学,此前未去过澳门）、黄鸿钊的《澳门史》（商务印书馆版,香港,１９８７年。黄氏为香山县人,时为南京大学副教授）、元邦建及袁桂秀编著的《澳门史略》（中流出版社版,１…     

The archaeology of World War II karst defences in the Pacific

During World War II, the Japanese military, using either their own or civilian labour, excavated tunnels into the limestone of many Pacific islands and modified natural caves for use as command posts, hospitals, combat positions, storage, and shelter. Civilians also used caves to shelter themselves during the war. This article introduces the archaeology of WWII caves and tunnels referred to collectively as ‘karst defences.’ While karst defences exist across the Pacific, little is known about these sites both historically and archaeologically. Based on a study in Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and analysis of karst defence construction and function, this article demonstrates that karst defence use extends beyond what has been described in historical accounts. The authors find that the sites in Saipan were used by three different groups of people and identifies distinct Japanese military and civilian sites and evidence of post-war use by the United States.     

Race and Identity: The Culture of Combat in the Pacific War

This article addresses how the Royal Navy intended to defend the British Isles from invasion before the First World War. Revisionist historians have recently suggested that during his first tenure as First Sea Lord, 1904–10, Sir John Fisher conceived and implemented a radical new home-defence strategy. Fisher's ‘flotilla defence’ system assigned a hitherto unprecedented importance to flotilla craft. This was apparently a marked departure from previous practice, which had been to rely upon armoured warships to deter invasion. These claims are not supported by the evidence and have failed to appreciate that flotilla craft had historically formed the foundation of the naval defence of the British Isles. War Plans drafted in early 1909 confirm that before leaving office Fisher remained committed to the blockade of enemy naval forces and that he identified blockade as key to the security of the British Isles.     

上海金融业与太平洋战争爆发前上海的外汇市场

抗战爆发后．国民政府调整中的外汇政策和措施仍得以在上海执行。政府银行运用自有外汇、英美政府资金和相关银行先后介入．维持上海汇市。大部分外商银行是官方牌价外汇的争购者和暗市的主角,其市场行为在中美英政府联手推行外汇管理后有所约束。普通华商行庄未能在维持外汇市场方面发挥主动性作用,但以银钱业同业公会为代表的L海金融业仍奉西迂内地的国民政府为惟一合法的中央政府,国民政府的有关监管政策和措施大体上仍能令行禁止,这成为太平洋战争爆发前外汇市场得以维持的重要因素。日伪金融势力则始终是维持上海外汇市场的破坏力量。     

太平洋战争时期朝鲜人资本家的"中国侵略"

在日本殖民统治期间,朝鲜资产阶级处于被统治、从属的地位,具有明显的寄生性、从属性。但是在日本的对外侵略中,朝鲜的资产阶级为了追求经济的扩张,依附于日本侵略者,呈现出一种“第二日本人化”的趋势,成为“侵略战争的前卫队”。特别是在太平洋战争时期,进入中国的朝鲜人资本家为了牟取暴利,为日本侵略军提供协助,成为日本侵华战争的帮凶,暴露了其露骨的“侵略性”。这种侵略性是殖民地时期朝鲜人资本家的特性。