美国海外“和平”形象宣传运动探略(1953-1955)

20世纪50年代,鉴于苏联密集的和平举动与世界舆论对核试验的强烈谴责,美国政府将"和平"确定为一项重大宣传主题。为此,美国官方几乎同时启动了"和平的机遇"、"和平的原子"与"开放领空"三大全球性宣传活动,力图全方位塑造美国海外"和平"形象,以向世界证实美国和平意图的真实性及其作为"世界领袖"的正当性,藉此维系"自由世界"的团结与战胜共产主义。作为一种富有技巧的政治战手段,这些活动并不能够带来真正的和平。     

The Archbishop of York and Anglo–American RelationsDuring the Second World War and Early Cold War, 1942–1955

This article addresses the relationship which developed during the Second World War and first decade of Cold War between the Foreign Office and one of Britain's leading Anglican clerics, Cyril Forster Garbett, archbishop of York 1942–55, widely respected as a liberal and the "conscience of the nation." It offers a model case study of relations between church and state by drawing upon state papers as well as upon ecclesiastical ones. It illustrates how religion was a crucial propaganda tool, advocating the defence of Western civilization and Christianity against first the paganism of Nazi Germany and then the atheism of Soviet Russia. Garbett's evolution from a domestic cleric concerned with social deprivation to an ecclesiastic statesman and Cold Warrior, reveals the significance of the religious component in Anglo–American relations. The presentation of the alliance as a crusade bonded together the two nations despite the differing political outlooks of their respective peoples.