Glaciation of the Upper Forth River Catchment,Tasmania

The Upper Forth Valley was glaciated on at least four occasions during the late Cainozoic. The two most extensive glaciations were no younger than early Pleistocene in age. During the last glaciation the limited ice catchment at the head of the valley nourished only a short valley glacier with separate glaciers forming in the tributary valleys to the west During earlier glaciations the Forth catchment was invaded by ice from the Mersey Valley to the east.     

Glacial Stratigraphy of the Upper Mersey Valley,Tasmania

The upper Mersey Valley was glaciated on three occasions during the Pleistocene. The youngest, Rowallan Claciation, probably commenced after 28000 years B.P. The maximum ice limit was attained before 13500 years B.P., and retreat occurred before 10000years B.P. Deposits associated with Rowallan Glaciation are weakly weathered chemically. They overlie moderately weathered deposits that were formed during the Arm Glaciation, which is inferred from relative dating data to have occurred before the Last Interglacial Stage. North of the deposits and ice limits of the Arm Glaciation extremely weathered tills and rhythmites occur. They were formed by ice of the Croesus Glaciation which is inferred to be of Early Pleistocene age or older.     

Quaternary Organic Deposit from Newton Creek Valley,Western Tasmania

Pollen and macrofossils from an organic deposit probably 44 ka BP in age record subalpine heath with abundant local Athrotaxis cupressoides. This was succeeded by subalpine heath that included Casuarina, Phyllocladus and Eucalyptus. The pollen/vegetation assemblages are comparable with present subalpine vegetation located between 850–1050 m, though the site is at 550 m and potentially below the limit of temperate rainforest (620 m). It is inferred that the vegetation altered from upper to lower subalpine heath and that the climate became warmer and wetter. The mean temperature is estimated to have been at least 3.2°C to 1.7°C colder than today. The trend of vegetation and climate change compares closely with Late Glacial changes but does not compare with changes recorded from sites of Middle Last Glacial age in the West Coast Ranges. A radiocarbon date of 34 ka BP and a trend towards warming suggests that the deposit may represent the onset of an interstadial during the Early Last Glacial Stage.     

Multiple Glaciation of the Upper Franklin Valley,Western Tasmania Wilderness World Heritage Area

Part of an extensive ice cap that developed in the Tasmanian Central Highlands during the late Cainozoic discharged southwards into the valley of the Franklin River and its upper tributaries where it merged with smaller glaciers that accumulated behind local snowfences. Glacial landforms and sediments in the now heavily forested valleys indicate that at least three and possibly as many as six glaciations took place. The earliest and most extensive glaciation occurred during the Pliocene or earliest Pleistocene. At this time ice extended at least 27km down the Franklin Valley and covered at least 326km² of the study area. This ice was confluent with glaciers in the West Coast Range to the west and in the Derwent Valley to the east Such confluence offers the possibility of better correlation of glacial events between western Tasmania and the Central Highlands. The smallest and most recent glaciation occurred during the late Last Glacial Stage when the Franklin Glacier did not exceed 12km in length. The glaciers were characterised by high rates of mass throughput and were of temperate maritime type.     

红河谷，爱情之谷

在我的眼里,红河大峡谷是最美、最神秘的大峡谷了。千百年来,红河这条发源于大理市巍山县境内的国际大河流,经过新平、元江等县后流入红河哈尼族彝族自治州境内后,在到达河口县汇入越南为止时的这一区域,那奔腾不息的红河水在以鬼斧神工的技艺创造出狭长、险峻的红河大峡谷这独特的地理、美景之时,也哺育了生活在大峡谷两岸的傣族、哈尼族、彝族等各族人民,孕育出了各族人民奇异、独特、神秘的民族文化。     

中国社会科学院召开第四届史学理论研讨会

2004年10月23日至25日,中国社会科学院历史研究所、近代史研究所、世界历史研究所、当代中国研究所、考古研究所、边疆史地中心、《历史研究》杂志社和地方志办公室,在广东省珠海市召开了第四届史学理论研讨会。与会者十分关注近年历史研究出现的新变化、在新特点、新问题,并从各自的研究领域出发,进行了内容广泛的交流,     

The last glaciation in the Western Mourne Mountains,Northern Ireland

During the late‐Midlandian (25–13 ¹⁴C ka BP), the last Irish Ice Sheet was thicker in the Western Mourne Mountains than previously argued. Geomorphological and sedimento‐logical analysis shows that regional ice from the Irish Ice Sheet spilled over the mountains, reaching a major limit 5 km along Pigeon Rock Valley. These findings differ from the previous view that a local valley glacier occupied the valley during this period. The pattern of deglaciation was reconstructed using glacial and periglacial evidence. A complex topographic environment in the upper reaches of the valley suggests that regional ice stagnated as it wasted away. During the Nahanagan Stadial (Younger Dryas, ca. 11–10 ka ¹⁴C BP) an arcuate ridge was formed on the western flank of the valley. Calculations suggest that the Equilibrium Line Altitude, influenced by topographic conditions favourable for snow accumulation, was approximately between 1736 m and 1386 m lower during the Nahanagan Stadial than at present.     

The Late Roman Landscape of the Northern Levant: A view from Tell Qarqur and the lower Orontes River Valley

This paper presents a review and synthesis of archaeological surveys in western Syria and southern Turkey, alongside finds from recent excavations at Tell Qarqur, Syria, revealing regional patterns of late Roman settlement and land use in the lower Orontes River Valley. Survey data show that the late Roman period witnessed a peak in settlement density, with the extension of occupation into previously unoccupied areas and widespread agricultural intensification. Excavations of a typical lowland site at Tell Qarqur reveal an opulent building complex, possibly a church, with a columned hall, elaborate mosaic floor and frescoed interior. Analysis explores the process of agricultural intensification during the late Roman period, the relationship between lowland settlements and the better‐known Dead Cities of the limestone massif to the east, and the ultimate abandonment of the settlement system following the seventh century AD.     

Nothofagus macrofossils from the Tertiary of Tasmania

Leaves assignable to Nothofagus from two fossil deposits in Tasmania represent the first macrofossils of this genus from the Tertiary in southeastern Australia. One fossil species, N. johnstonii, is closely related to the extant Australian species N. cunninghamii while the other fossil species, N. tasmanica, has very close affinites with the extant Australian species N. moorei. All four of these species are closely interrelated. The pollen type produced by the fossil species is unknown, since all three types are present in the microfloras. However, both N. cunninghamii and N. moorei produce N. menziesii-type pollen. The macrofossils confirm the conclusion from pollen studies that evolution in Nothofagus has occurred very slowly.     

惊走奇石谷

<正>美丽的鲹鱼河,像一个伟大的艺术家,不舍昼夜,哼着淙淙的乐曲,迈着小步,从翠绿的两岔河峡谷,到金沙江汇流,在这片美丽的土地上勾勒出了一道道神奇美丽的自然景观,奇石谷就是其中之一。奇石谷,据科学考证属于白垩纪的地层,离四川凉山会东县城大约35公里,驱车沿着乌东德水电站专用车道,穿过几个村庄,钻过几段隧道,大约40分钟就可以到达。在谷口,两岸石壁对峙,怪石嶙峋。花草     

The Valley of Beauty

~~The Valley of Beauty~~     

深入贯彻落实科学发展观 努力促进地方志工作又好又快发展——在第四次全国地方志工作会议上的工作报告

同志们： 现在,我受第四届中国地方志指导小组委托,向第四次全国地方志工作会议作工作报告,请各位代表审议。