天然染料苏木的光褪色机理研究

有机质文物如书画和纺织品在修复保护过程中常常遇到褪色问题,对于染料分子是一种不可逆的损伤,因此有必要采用一定的科学方法对原因机理进行研究。苏木在文化遗产领域常作为天然染料用于纺织品染色,但色牢度较差。通过溶液动力学模拟实验借助紫外光老化过程推测降解副产物,追踪了对曾经在文物中检测到的有效化学组分巴西苏木素和原苏木素B在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺基质里光催化老化代谢过程,分别获得20组不同老化程度的紫外老化的标准品。实验表征手段主要采用紫外可见漫反射光谱、超高效液相色谱四极杆飞行时间质谱联用及核磁共振氢谱对颜色变化趋势和老化过程进行分析。通过苏木染色及丝织品光老化实验,得到17组不同褪色程度的纺织品样品。采用液质联用在负离子模式下结合化学计量学统计分析差异代谢物及老化机制,巴西苏木素、苏木红素及原苏木素B可能的转化及降解产物分别得到一定的推论。结果显示褪色纺织品随着光老化的发生反射光谱最大波长总体发生蓝移。巴西苏木素季碳羟基容易发生脱水反应产生一系列变化,原苏木素B光老化过程容易转化成原苏木素C、尿石素C等化合物。苏木染褪色纺织品总体可分为两类组间差异,通过主成分分析出差异代谢物巴西苏木素、原苏木素B以及C等多种老化产物,这些总体因素造成体系的光老化颜色变化。这些探索性发现期待为今后天然染料的相关研究提供启发,助力提升有机质文物的科学价值认知。     

博物馆照明对苏木染色丝绸的影响研究

苏木是古代常见的一种红色植物染料,为了从保护角度探讨苏木染色丝绸的照明需求,研究了博物馆照明常用的LED灯、卤素灯、荧光灯对它的褪色影响,从光照与其他环境因素入手,尝试构建了针对苏木染色丝绸的"变色因子"指标。研究结果显示,LED的"变色因子"大于传统的卤素灯与荧光灯的,低色温照明的"变色因子"略小于高色温照明的;照度越高,"变色因子"越大;其他环境因素对"变色因子"也有很大影响。因此针对苏木染色丝绸文物的展陈照明,建议选用卤素灯或低色温的荧光灯和LED灯,并应控制展陈照明的照度。同时展陈环境中的其他环境因素也不容忽视。研究结果为指导博物馆在对苏木染丝绸文物的照明选择方面提供了依据,同时为客观评价各种环境因素对染色丝绸的影响提供一种可借鉴的方法。     

边疆民族地区建设县乡两级博物馆的体会与思考

鄂温克族自治旗(县级)地处内蒙古东北部,是靠近俄罗斯和蒙古国的边疆多民族居住地。旗内现有5个苏木(乡级)、3个镇、1个民族乡和2个矿区。土地面积为19111平方公里,总人口为14.95万人。是以鄂温克族为主体、汉族为多数、达斡尔族和布里雅特蒙古及厄鲁特蒙古等20多个民族聚居地区。8年来,在自治旗旗委、旗政府的积极建设小康社会、和谐牧区以及弘扬民族文化、打造民族文化大旗思路的指导下,旗、苏木二级博物馆网络已初步形成。先后兴建了旗级鄂温克博物馆一座,苏木(乡级)博物馆(或陈列馆)、林业局博物馆等,共五座,即“东苏木布利亚特博物馆”…     

苏木山的秋冬之美

苏木山位于兴和县南部的苏木山森林公园旅游区,以其险峻的山势,茂密的森林,多姿多彩的景色以及伟大的建设历程和悠久的历史文化吸引着众多的崇尚自然之美的旅行者!苏木山顶峰黄石崖海拔2334.7米,是乌兰察布市的最高峰。苏木山之壮美,在于人工造出来的犹如原始天然的森林。登临绝顶,放眼四望,林海茫茫,云海苍苍,群山叠翠,雾色缥缈,犹     

连云港尹湾汉墓出土缯绣的染料研究

潮湿埋藏环境出土的丝织品文物极为珍贵,但由于染料信息的大量流失,使得其原本色彩难以辨认。采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用法以及紫外-可见分光光度法对连云港尹湾汉墓出土的缯绣衾被残片所使用的染料做了分析,在其萃取液中检测到了苏木的染料成分。结合科技鉴定结果以及文献记载分析,确定苏木为织物原始的上染染料。这项研究成果表明西汉时期除了茜草和蓝草以外,苏木也被用于丝织品的染色。这将植物染料中苏木的使用提前至西汉乃至西汉以前,极大地完善和丰富了纺织考古的资料和信息。同时,也为潮湿环境出土织物的染料研究提供了借鉴。     

内蒙古巴林右旗虎吐路辽墓

1987年6月11日,巴林右旗沙巴尔台苏木虎吐路嘎查牧民特木热巴根,将他在放牧中于村南沙窝里拣到的陶罐、铜铃等一批文物,全部送交旗博物馆。这件事引起了我馆的重视,对他这种保护文物并及时把它捐献给国家的行为,给予表彰和奖励,同时立即派人前往现场进行调查。一、地理位置虎吐路嘎查隶属巴林右旗沙巴尔台苏木,西北距苏木13公里,南距旗政府所在地大板镇12公里。文物出土于村南1.5公里的敖     

内蒙古敖伦苏木古城考辨

敖伦苏木古城早在本世纪初就已举世闻名了(见图)。此城位于内蒙古达尔罕茂明安联合旗的百灵庙东北约35公里处的艾布盖河北岸。最早发现和考察敖伦苏木古城的是我国考古学者黄文弼先生。1929年他参加了中瑞西北科学考察团,并独自一人考察了这座古     

扎鲁特旗达米花鲜卑遗址调查报告

2007年6月-10月,在内蒙古通辽市扎鲁特旗道老杜苏木南宝力皋吐村发掘南宝力皋吐新石器时代墓地时,利用民工农忙或雨后休息时间,对道老杜苏木达米花村周围的几个遗址点进行了考古调查,现将其中达米花村鲜卑时期村落遗址调查报告如下.     

内蒙古阿拉善左旗苏红图遗址调查简报

正阿拉善左旗位于内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟东部,总面积约80412平方公里(图一)。其东接巴彦淖尔市、鄂尔多斯市,东南毗邻宁夏回族自治区西北部,南部紧依甘肃武威地区,西为阿拉善右旗,西北与蒙古国接壤。全旗下辖8镇、5苏木。苏红图遗址位于阿拉善左旗巴彦浩特镇西北约290公里之处,行政区划属乌力吉苏木。遗址以北约80公里即为中蒙边境,其东北     

奇诡的阿斯哈图冰石林

在内蒙古自治区赤峰市克什克腾旗(注)北部,有一处世界罕见的石林奇观——阿斯哈图冰石林。 “阿斯哈图”是蒙古语,意为“险峻的岩石”。阿斯哈图冰石林规模宏伟、数量众多,形状非常奇特,经地质学家鉴定是第四纪冰川时期形成的冰石林。 阿斯哈图冰石林位于克什克腾旗辖属的巴彦高勒苏木(注)南部、天合园乡北部的北大山上。 北大山,当地牧民叫“达拉哈达”,是大兴安岭余脉的一部分。这里重峦迭嶂,树茂草深。冰石林就坐落在这群山之中,分布面积达十多平方公里。     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the