深圳市民工作日生活活动时空结构特征研究

选取居民工作日的日常生活活动作为研究对象,通过对深圳市抽样居民的实证研究,分析居民工作日生活活动的一般特征,探讨居民属性与居民生活时间利用和活动空间分布的相关性,比较分析了不同类型及不同地区之间深圳市民日常生活活动时空结构的差异性。     

中国西部城市居民时空间行为特征研究——以西宁市为例

时空间行为研究为透视中国城市转型与发展提供了重要视角,但已有研究对中国西部城市关注较少、未能形成反映西部城市特色的结论。选取西宁市作为案例,基于2013年居民时空间行为调查数据及城市设施分布数据,分析居民时间利用、时空路径等时空行为特征及其与城市设施分布的匹配关系,以此补充微观行为视角下的中国西部城市研究,为中国城市时空行为方法论提供西部城市的验证。主要结论包括：①相比于东部城市,西宁市存在工作活动比例低、平均时长短,早通勤时间延后,午休返家,时间安排灵活等特点; ②西宁市与周边地区间存在具有高原地区特色的跨城市通勤和休闲行为; ③居民活动分布与城市设施布局存在一定的空间错位。     

基于CHAID决策树方法的城市居民通勤时间影响因素分析——以南京为例

城市扩张带来通勤距离和通勤时间的增加,影响了城市居民生活质量的提高。因此,探究通勤时间影响因素对于改善通勤交通状况,提高居民生活质量具有现实的必要性。利用决策树分类方法中的CHAID模型,以南京市为例,在问卷调查数据整理和分析的基础上,论文探讨了南京市居民通勤时间影响因素和因素间的交互效应。结果表明:居民通勤最先选择的交通工具是最主要的影响因素,职业类型次之,性别、每月交通费、住房信息以及公共基础设施可达情况等也影响不同类群居民的通勤时间,但影响程度递减。最后,论文归纳了南京市居民关于通勤时间影响因素的若干特征,相应提出了改善通勤状况的建议。     

不同模式下城市郊区居民工作日出行行为的比较研究——基于北京与广州的案例分析

本文选择北京、广州的两个典型社区,分别作为转型期中国城市居住郊区化"政府主导模式"与"市场主导模式"的代表案例,基于两个社区的活动日志调查数据,比较两个社区居民的工作日出行行为,以此探究居住郊区化模式对居民出行行为的影响,在国内已有时间地理学研究基础上进行城市间直接比较研究的尝试。研究发现:政府主导的居住郊区化模式为居民提供了较完善的活动机会与便捷的出行环境,但并没有避免职住空间错位;市场主导的居住郊区化模式无法提供完善的活动机会与良好的出行环境,居民日常活动高度依赖于内城。     

深圳市民休闲时间利用特征研究

以对深圳市民的活动日志调查为基础,着重研究作为一个完整休闲日的休息日中深圳市民休闲活动的时间利用特征。通过聚类分析将深圳市民休息日的休闲时间利用结构分为六种类型,在考察不同类型的居民属性结构的基础上,分析了休闲时间总量对城市居民休闲时间利用的影响以及不同休闲时间利用类型的休闲活动的节奏与空间特征,提出了与对城市休闲服务设施规划与城市休闲产业发展相应的建议。     

理解中国城市生活方式：基于时空行为的研究框架

面对以人为核心的城市研究与规划需求,如何理解城市居民的日常生活并分析城市空间与居民生活方式之间的互动关系就显得尤为重要。转型期背景下,受到制度与市场双重力量的驱动,中国城市生活方式表现出特殊性。本文从生活方式理论、时间地理学和活动分析法的理论基础出发,分析生活方式与时空行为的关系,指出从行为角度进行生活方式研究的可行性;提出基于时空行为变量测度生活方式的指标体系,将出行模式、与城市空间的关系和日程安排作为度量生活方式的核心指标;并构建了生活方式的影响机制分析框架,提出制度、技术、地理背景和社会关系是影响生活方式的主要因素,为更好的理解中国城市社会空间与居民生活提供有效途径。     

基于微博的西安市居民夜间活动时空分布研究

在我国城市化过程中,由于城市基础设施、公共交通等方面规划建设的需要,对居民活动的研究成为人文地理及城市规划领域所关注的重点。随着"大数据"时代的到来,改变了以往研究居民活动的方式。本文通过新浪微博平台提供的API接口,采用Ajax技术抓取包含时空信息的西安市微博数据,运用Arc GIS10.1中的热度分析工具,以可视化的表达形式揭示出:西安市居民夜间活动在大尺度范围内与城市的区域定位、居民结构及活动时间关系密切。同时,本文采用微博数据来研究居民活动的方法为研究这类问题提供了一种新的尝试。     

新冠肺炎疫情下社区活动的地方秩序变化：北京双井案例

新冠肺炎疫情对居民日常活动与社区治理带来巨大挑战。本文从新时间地理学企划和活动的地方秩序概念出发,基于北京双井街道社区工作者在疫情不同时期的活动日志和深度访谈以及社区报纸《今日双井》等多源数据,分析社工工作活动的时空特征变化,社区地方秩序的变化及其对居民日常活动的影响。研究发现,疫情不同阶段社区组织企划明显调整,社工工作时间延长且规律性被打破,工作地点由室内转向室外,工作活动更加多元化、破碎化;社工、居民、物业、周边商铺等社区生活圈中多元主体互动加强。本研究对后疫情时代社区生活圈服务与治理优化提升有重要意义,也丰富了新时间地理学对社区生活圈中个体与组织互动、多行为主体互动过程的解读。     

网络信息时代女性居民日常活动时空特征研究——以南京市为例

女性主义思潮的兴起引起了地理界及规划界对空间性别差异的关注。随着信息技术包括移动信息技术的发展渗透到居民日常生活的各个领域,女性居民日常活动时空间结构也相应地发生了变化。本文利用时间地理学的方法,对2012年南京市网络信息时代居民行为调查问卷的数据进行统计分析,借助GIS工具分别对女性居民工作日、休息日的24小时活动路径进行三维可视化显示,同时对其时空特征进行三维核密度分析。论文研究了信息技术影响下南京市女性居民日常活动的时空间特征,并分析了不同信息化水平女性居民的时空间特征分异,从而为网络信息时代的城市规划和管理提供更人性化的参考依据。     

转型期不同住房性质居民的职住关系演变——以上海郊区为例

提 要:从微观尺度检验不同住房性质居民职住关系的时空演变,有助于理解中国城市社会空间重构的深层机制.利用问卷调查开展2000年以来上海郊区不同住房性质居民职住地变迁的时间地理学分析.研究发现:不同住房性质居民的职住关系变化呈现显著差异."市场购房"居民多由中心城区向外迁移和郊区侧向迁移,职住距离上升,职住关系更加固定;...     

Application of Health Expectancy Research on Working Male Population in Bangladesh

Lower quality of life and more work-loss days for the workforce are barriers for economic development in Bangladesh. Using nationally representative data—the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys for the 2004–2007 period, we examined the prevalence of diseases (asthma, diabetes, heart problems, high blood pressure, jaundice/hepatitis, malaria/fever, tuberculosis, and other) that prevented ever-married male workers from doing their regular activities in Bangladesh, and we examined changes in partial work-loss free life expectancy (WLFLE). The study found improvements in the mean number of work-loss days as well as in WLFLE; male workers at age 30 in 2007 expected 212 days more WLFLE than male workers of the same age in 2004. Other diseases prevented 17.8 per cent of male workers in 2004 and 9.1 per cent of male workers in 2007 from doing their normal work. Malaria/fever prevented 14.4 per cent and 11.5 per cent of male workers in 2004 and 2007, respectively, from doing their normal work. In both years, of all the diseases, the other diseases category and malaria/fever were found to be the major causes preventing Bangladeshi male workers from doing their normal work. This study recommends taking action against malaria/fever so that people can continue working without health problems or illness, and it recommends identifying other diseases which cause work-loss days. It suggests collecting data for both the males and females in a consistent manner by keeping the same questions with the same wording, order, and age groups consistent over time.     

城市居民健康生活方式研究的时空行为视角

在宜居城市和健康城市的建设背景下,健康生活方式成为政府和公众共同追求的重要目标。已有的环境-行为-健康关系的研究主要从静态时空间的视角出发,探讨邻里环境要素与居民健康水平的相关关系,并分析健康相关行为或活动特征的中介作用。本文立足于个体导向和强调制约与企划的时间地理学、基于活动-移动模式的活动分析法、以及移动性转向下情境单元的选择问题,以个体整日活动-移动模式作为生活方式的外在行为体现,从时间、空间、个体行为和群体行为的角度,构建了基于移动性的城市环境暴露-日常活动移动模式-个体健康效应三者关系的综合分析框架,以期促进城市环境与社会的可持续发展。     

Geography of belonging: nostalgic attachment,transnational home and global mobility among Romanian immigrants in Spain

This article explores how human global mobility is linked to a sense of home and belonging and outlines ways in which European Union (EU) enlargement could contribute to broader debates about migration, both empirically and theoretically. To accomplish this aim, I use the context of Romanian migration to Spain. Since EU enlargement in 2007, Spain has emerged as a major destination for Romanian migrants. The main argument of the paper is that transformations in the EU over the past 20 years through its open border policy have changed migrant workers into EU movers, and this change affects people's perceptions about sense of home. This analysis is prompted by a qualitative and narrative turn in migration studies, and an emphasis on new mobility pathways in accounting for the embodied dimensions of migration. Key to the paper is an analysis of how people can maintain a sense of home while being on the move. It attempts to demonstrate that migrants' experiences of belonging in their host country may vary greatly depending on the time of movement, the politics of EU borders, the nature of mobility and personal and individual circumstances.     

Spatial pattern of land cover changes across Northeast China over the past 300 years

To accurately model the regional climatic effects of land use/cover change processes, precise reconstructions of historical land cover are essential. Over the past 300 years, the northeastern region has undergone more significant land cover change than any other region in China owing to large numbers of farmer migrants from North China, reflecting the tremendous effects human activities can have on such changes. In this paper, based on official statistical data, documentary records, survey data, and modern remote-sensing data and vegetation and soil maps, land cover changes across Northeast China over the past 300 years have been reconstructed through cropland data calibrations using correlation analysis, potential vegetation reconstructions, urban area estimations, spatial analyses of land cover type changes by K-mean clustering analysis, and consideration of land use driving forces. The results indicate that cropland expanded gradually from south to north through the cities of Shenyang, Jilin, and Ha’erbin as well as out to the margins of the central plain of Northeast China, with a maximum expansion occurring in the 1950s. Pristine forests and grasslands diminished significantly, especially in the early twentieth century, due to this expansion of cropland. The conclusions drawn from these results are, first, that these results provide a scientific understanding of the process by which the original land cover was replaced by cropland in Northeast China over the past 300 years. Second, the results enabled the development of a series of land use/cover changes maps with 50–100 year time resolutions and county-level spatial resolutions. Based on the reconstructed results of these land cover type changes, the dynamics and causes of land cover changes are discussed in their social–historical contexts.     

以家庭为单位的活动参与：联合与独立家庭维持性活动中的性别差异—— 以北京市家庭为例

个体的日常活动发生在复杂的情境下,受到来自地理环境和社会环境的制约。以往研究揭示了制约下的个体在活动参与上展示出明显的性别差异。然而,传统以个体为单位的研究,忽视了家作为地方秩序的口袋,其内部分成员之间的互动对不同性别家庭成员活动参与的影响。本文从家庭内部分工的视角,研究夫妻双方在参与家庭维持性活动的时间利用的差异。在分析差异形成的过程中,在家庭区位特征、个体社会经济特征外,关注了配偶的社会经济特征、家庭成员间的互动对个体参与独立与联合家庭维持性活动的影响。研究结果验证了我们的假设,微观个体活动参与及时间利用的性别差异,不仅受到社会与地理环境制约,而且是家庭成员之间互动、分工的结果。以家庭为单位的分析能更好地补充和解释以往性别差异的研究成果,为个体活动、移动行为等研究提供新的视角。     

Space–Time Sequential Similarity for Identifying Factors of Activity‐Travel Pattern Segmentation: A Measure of Sequence Alignment and Path Similarity

The article develops a new method that compares activity‐travel patterns in both terms of the sequential order of activities and the shape of activity‐travel trajectory in time and space. The similarity of the list of activities and their order between activity‐travel patterns are computed by a sequence alignment method. The shape of activity‐travel trajectory is compared between the patterns using a path similarity technique that captures the direction and speed of a movement from the current location and the duration of staying at each location. The comparison results, therefore capture how people move around in three‐dimensional space–time choreography that indicates how people conduct which activities in what order. A total of 1,000 individuals are sampled from the data of 2016 Household Travel Survey, South Korea. The data provide the information of individual activity‐travel behavior and personal characteristics. The suggested method computes the pairwise distance matrix, and Ward clustering algorithm segments the pattern groups of similar activity sequences and space–time trajectories. A CHAID analysis then associates personal and household characteristics with the pattern groups to identify important factors for the segmentation. The analysis provides a significant implication in both terms of research and practice in transportation.     

中国老年人口自评健康水平的空间分异及影响因素研究

基于2005年和2015年1%人口抽样调查资料以及2010年人口普查资料，采用ArcGIS分级制图和空间自相关分析等方法，刻画中国老年人口健康水平的时空格局及变化，并使用面板数据线性回归模型和Tobit回归模型识别影响老年人口健康水平空间分异的主要因素。结果表明：①中国老年人口健康水平存在明显的空间分异，老年人口健康水平高的地市主要分布在东南部省份、华北平原和新疆北部，老年人口健康水平低的地市主要集中在青藏高原及其周边地区；②十年间，老年人口健康水平的空间分异水平有所降低，老年人口健康水平中等的地市数量大幅增加；③老年人口健康水平呈现显著的空间正相关性，随着空间分异的缩小，空间集聚程度上升；老年人口健康水平的高-高类型区主要集中在东南部地区，低-低类型区主要分布在青藏高原及周边区域；④社会经济发展水平、人口结构、饮食习惯和自然地理因素是影响老年人口健康水平空间分异的重要因素，东部、中部和西部地区老年人口健康水平的影响因素存在显著的差异。     

A new perspective on Late Holocene social interaction in Northwest Alaska: results of a preliminary ceramic sourcing study

This research examines the evidence for prehistoric ceramic exchange networks over the last 2000 years in northwest Alaska through the use of neutron activation analysis of ceramic artifacts. Results from ceramic analysis on eight coastal and inland archaeological sites identified three source macrogroups and three associated subgroups. Clay source diversity and shared source macrogroups between geographically distant sites suggest the use of multiple sources and/or the movement of pots between production locales, mirroring related patterns in pottery stylistic data. Although additional analytical work is needed to fully understand the changing character of clay procurement and ceramic distribution across this time period, this study provides exploratory data on past ceramic production and distribution that hints at changes in exchange and territoriality in northwest Alaska during the late Holocene.     

南京东路商业步行街消费者行为变化研究——2001年与2007年的比较

本文通过比较2001年与2007年消费者行为数据,揭示出6年间南京东路消费者行为特征的变化。消费者属性的变化主要在于:消费者的年龄年轻化;居住地非本地化;整体收入水平略降低。消费者非空间活动的变化有:观光旅游休闲目的的消费者增多;路上时间明显缩短;消费者总体收入水平升高,但总开支降低;平均消费额降低,零消费比重增大,中高消费比例明显减少,年轻人的平均花费减少。消费者空间活动特征的变化主要在于:主要入口由原来的两个新增为三个;步行街西端总消费额和总人流密集的"三角区"消失,密集中心向中部转移;人均消费额的空间分布呈均质化态势;人均消费最高的地块从专业商店所在地块,转移到百货公司所在地块。本文最后通过变化系统分析图总结了消费者行为变化及其与宏观商业背景变化之间的关系。     

A CITY IN MOTION: TIME-SPACE ACTIVITY AND MOBILITY PATTERNS OF SUBURBAN INHABITANTS AND THE STRUCTURATION OF THE SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE PRAGUE METROPOLITAN AREA

This contribution attempts to reveal the relations between new suburban areas and other parts of the Prague metropolitan area by investigating the time‐space activity and mobility patterns of the inhabitants of newly built suburban districts. The focus on some aspects of the everyday life of people in new suburbs helps us to identify the impact of suburbanization on the changing geography of the metropolitan region and to better understand how the spatial organization of the Prague metropolitan area is produced, reproduced and transformed. We use several interrelated concepts, which serve the theoretical foundation of our work, namely time geography, structuration theory and the post‐communist city. The empirical data utilized are primarily based on 262 diaries completed by eighty‐eight individuals from thirty‐eight households, accompanied by household questionnaires and interviews with the heads of households. The research confirmed the implicit, generally unspoken view that new suburbs in the Prague metropolitan region are heavily dependent on the core of the metropolitan area for the provision of jobs and services. However, newly built suburban shopping facilities to some extent disrupt this pattern, keeping some daily activities of inhabitants within the suburban zone. In addition to empirical observations, the key purpose of this contribution has been to discuss and apply time geography concepts and methods to the research of urban restructuring, and to understand the structuration of metropolitan spatial organization.