Growing up Kennedy: the role of medical ailments in the life of JFK, 1920-1957

As a result of the opening of new materials at the John F Kennedy Library relating to John F Kennedy's medical problems, we have a better understanding of the specific nature of those ailments, how they were treated, and how he responded to them. Most important, this study focuses on how his medical problems affected his relationship with his parents, especially his father, in the context of an older sibling who personified what a Kennedy should be: bright, athletic, and healthy. John Kennedy's response to family expectations produced a sometimes rebellious and detached youth who learned to rely on his charm, wit, intellect, and inner toughness to overcome adversity. In the process of dealing with serious medical issues into adulthood, John Kennedy revealed both courage and fortitude-traits that would eventually carry him to the White House.     

Waiting for Kant: devaluing and delegitimizing nuclear weapons

Expectations of significant progress towards a nuclear weapons‐free world continue to shape global nuclear politics. Progress towards nuclear disarmament will require diminishing the value of nuclear weapons to the point where it becomes politically, strategically and socially acceptable for nuclear‐armed states to relinquish permanently their nuclear arsenals. Key to this are the concepts and processes of ‘devaluing’ and ‘delegitimizing’ nuclear weapons that have steadily coalesced in global nuclear discourse since the mid‐1990s. This article builds on current research by developing three images of nuclear disarmament under the Nuclear Non‐Proliferation Treaty (NPT): ‘surface’ devaluing, ‘deep’ devaluing, and delegitimizing nuclear weapons. The first represents codification by the nuclear‐weapon states of the transformation of the Cold War environment through reductions in the size and role of nuclear arsenals that leaves the logic of nuclear deterrence and nuclear prestige largely unchanged. Deep devaluing is framed as a reconceptualization of the political, strategic and military logics that underpin nuclear‐weapons policies and practices. Delegitimizing represents a more radical normative project to transform collective meanings assigned to nuclear weapons. The analysis examines conceptions of devaluing nuclear weapons from the perspective of non‐nuclear weapon states and the relationship between devaluing nuclear weapons and the idea of a spectrum of nuclear deterrence. It concludes by highlighting the tension between surface and deep devaluing, the emergence of a delegitimizing agenda, and the political implications for the current NPT review cycle set to culminate in the next quinquennial Review Conference in 2015.     

中国与苏维埃俄国之间的蒙古(1920-1924)

C·Г·卢贾宁 (С Г Лузянин)先生系俄罗斯科学院远东研究所研究员 ,历史学博士。主要从事俄中关系史、现代中国外交史的研究 ,在俄 (苏 )、蒙古、中国三国关系研究方面发表了多篇论文 ,《2 0世纪的俄国·蒙古·中国 :1911— 194 6年三国间的政治关系》(莫斯科 ,2 0 0 0年 )是作者的代表作 ,也是近年来俄罗斯学者有关上述三国关系研究的一部重要著作。本文发表于 1995年 ,着重探讨了 192 0— 192 4年间中俄 (苏 )两国就蒙古问题的交涉以及诸多相关问题。作者的有些观点难为我们所苟同 ,但文章披露了许多鲜为人知的苏俄档案资料。鉴于此 ,特予发表     

清末民初伪稗丛考

清末民初伪书风行,表现在文言小说领域尤烈.民国以来,一度将所有的笔记、小说统而称之为"笔记小说"--最典型的是影响颇大的《笔记小说大观》,这并不是一个合理的名称,因为笔记不一定是小说,而小说不一定是笔记.     

史学期刊与中国史学的现代转型——以20世纪二三十年代为例

学术的现代转型是传统社会向现代社会过渡的重要环节,而中国传统学术与现代学术的真正对叠则迟至20世纪二三十年代。在学术从传统向现代迈进的艰难历程中,这一时期的史学期刊则对中国学术的重镇——史学的现代转型起到了举足轻重的作用。具体表现在：西方史学乃至西方学术的动向得以大量绍介;史学期刊某种程度上还梳理了民国史学的学理,推动了中国史学走上综合融创之路;同时史学期刊为培养新型专业史学研究队伍、提供专业研究的“公共空间”(public sphere)以及史学研究本土化的尝试等。     

The view of life and death in different poems

The view of life and death is the fundamental in human’s life, is a nation’s, or a country’s most intrinsic and most profound value about human life, it is also an important theme of ethics and philosophy. The celebration of life and for centuries, they all take life and death seriously, but they also have different views towards death and life. This article will center on major American poets such as Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost, Walt Whitman and so on. This article will try to have a discussion on the basis of ethical review and interpretation about the view of life and death, to reveal the similarities and differences about the view of life and death in different poets’ poems, to find a method for us to learn about how to adapt to the modern civilization on the basis of ethical review and interpretation, how to understand human life and death how to face life and death, how to survive beyond life and death how to live a wonderful life through understanding human life and death in a proper way.