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明代中后期,白银开始成为通用货币,整个社会对白银产生了迫切而巨大的需求。由于中国白银产量有限,所以向海外寻求白银就成为当时获取白银的重要途径。而这一时期,海禁的解除、海外贸易的发展,以及葡萄牙、西班牙、荷兰等国的东来贸易,使中国的商品源源不断地输出到世界各地,而海外的白银也因此大量流入中国。 相似文献
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相对而言,目前学界对于中国古代货币史的研究实较为薄弱,不仅不少领域无人问津,而且跨越朝代并有深度的论著十分稀缺。实际上,中国货币史蕴含着丰富的内容,既存在着如货币史学者彭信威所论的较为稳定的一面,即小额铜钱作为中国货币史的底色, 相似文献
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明代是中国经济发展的重要时期,通过这276年的经济发展,在货币流通方面完成了从贱金属铸币向贵重金属货币转换的过程,确立了银本位制度;同时在宋元海外贸易发展的基础上,进一步开拓海外贸易的领域,开始进行一定规模的海外经济交流,更加值得注意的是明代产生了资本主义萌芽,出现 相似文献
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锦屏本地苗族木商向政府状告外省木商使用冲铅银两假币的诉讼案件。收集到的两件状词,一是道光七年(1827)由李荣魁带头起诉到贵州布政使司批转黎平府的公文,又由黎平府作出处理公告;另件是光绪十三年(1887)姜名卿等向黎平府递交的状纸。两起案件相隔60年,因为假银泛滥、受害深重后才产生诉讼,政府行文禁止后,仍禁而不止,所以少数民族的木商、林农和从事木材运输的农民工,受假银之害至少在80年以上。但从外省木商之滥用假币,折射出清水江木业之兴旺。 相似文献
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正银锭是中国特有的货币之一,它始现于唐代,广泛流通于明清,于民国间退出流通领域,在中国货币发展史中曾经起过非常重要的作用。银锭历代相沿,多由民间自由铸造或熔化,必然产生地区和炉房间的差异,形成独特的工艺技术。其造型各异的器形具有鲜明的时代特征和地域特征,银锭上的铭文记录了与银锭铸造、发行、检验有关的机构、职官、铸匠等内容,反映了银锭在各历史时期在货币、经济中的地位,使银锭除其本身的金属价 相似文献
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白银生产是殖民地美洲最重要的经济活动之一 ,围绕白银的生产和流通 ,形成了不同层次的白银经济圈。白银经济圈不仅对美洲内部的殖民地经济产生了重要影响 ,而且是形成不平等世界分工的一个重要条件。西欧资本主义国家正是在榨取美洲财富的基础上 ,进行资本主义原始积累的。本文以美洲最重要的白银产区之一———安第斯地区为例 ,分析白银经济圈给这一地区带来的严重影响 ,探讨拉美后来边缘化、依附性发展的早期症结所在。可以说 ,白银经济圈的形成和发展 ,是造成拉美欠发达状况的一个重要根源 相似文献
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学术界在探讨晋商衰败的原因时有种种分析,其中晋商在赚得大量白银后将其窖藏起来的做法被认为是一种落后保守、缺乏创新的表现,其实这种做法也有其积极的一面。本文试图在清末民初的历史大背景下,从晋商的投资环境、风险意识及传统文化的影响几个方面分析窖藏白银这一做法。 相似文献
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白花花的纹银,炫耀着中国人几百年来的富有,可是,一场大萧条,让独一无二的银本位面临过山车般的涨跌,剧烈的阵痛过后,纸币再一次取代了银两,不一样的是,中国人断然地跟上了世界的潮流。 相似文献
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历史是一面镜子。通过对历史的反思,可以使我们能更好地面对未来,选择一条适合自己的发展道路。对于经济社会相对落后的白银市,尤其需要如此。 相似文献
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我们有幸收藏一件明代万历年间伍拾两解银大银锭。该银锭中间束腰,两头弧状,最长处127mm,最窄处61mm,厚25~35mm,重1855克(插四下右)。银锭底部密布蜂窝状孔眼,正面有数排手工錾刻的文字。由于该锭表面腐蚀氧化严重,至使锭面錾刻的文字有相当部分已模糊不清。经仔细辨认,尚可读出如下内容:“…县征解万历拾叁年……足银伍拾两……银匠…”。明代银锭,按用途分主要有解银、税银、镇库银及民间流通使用的碎银四种。税银是政府机构从民间征收田赋、丁役、盐税、土贡等费用,并将其折成银两上缴国库,但并不一定要全额送到京师,因各州县的财政库房… 相似文献
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Tashi Wangchuk 《中国西藏(英文版)》2010,(6):28-33
<正>People say the road between Sichuan and Tibet is rather dangerous,especially the section close to Chamdo. My first experience of this road worried me a lot because of its poor condition.That was in the middle of June in 2010,just several months before the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the liberation of Chamdo.I, together with my colleagues,was sent to there to report on the associated celebrations.Our destination was Gatar Township of Tengchen County,where we aimed 相似文献
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NANCY SANDARS 《Oxford Journal of Archaeology》1983,2(1):43-68
Summary. The end of the Mycenaean age calls for an explanation outside the immediate Aegean area. The evidence is more likely to come from changes in habit than in the importation of objects of bronze or pottery. In order to understand events it is necessary to look beyond Greek frontiers to the Danube and Balkans. Among important changes are those in fighting tactics with a return to the sword in the Aegean and new workshop practice in Europe with more bronze forging against casting. Evidence for actual arrival of people is never likely to be conclusive; various alternatives are considered. 相似文献
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'WHY THEY CAME'; THE COLONIZATION OF THE COAST OF WESTERN SWEDEN AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT AT THE END OF THE LAST GLACIATION 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
LOU SCHMITT STEPHAN LARSSON CORINNA SCHRUM IRINA ALEKSEEVA MATTHIAS TOMCZAK KRISTER SVEDHAGE 《Oxford Journal of Archaeology》2006,25(1):1-28
Summary. In this paper we will bring into view new aspects of Late Palaeolithic and early Mesolithic research on the west coast of Sweden. In doing so, we make use of oceanography and tidal modelling, in conjunction with basic research in the fields of archaeology and palynology. The focus of research concerns the Hensbacka culture group in central Bohuslän, a group of hunter-gatherers which visited the area between c.10,300–9300 bp (10,200/10,000–8500 cal BC). Recent investigations indicate that the frequency of Hensbacka sites in the archipelago of central Bohuslän, which at that time had a total land area of c.500 sq km, might well represent the highest site density area in northern Europe during a c.1000-year period of time at the close of the Late Glacial and beginning of the early Post Glacial. In the pages that follow, we will discuss how, and why, this 'seasonal colonization' was possible. 相似文献
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Erik Dietzenbacher 《Journal of regional science》1995,35(3):377-390
ABSTRACT. This paper considers the bias of the matrix of multipliers when the underlying data are random. The traditional approach is to specify the stochastic nature of the input coefficients directly. It is shown that this approach implies a transactions table which is biased in a most unbalanced way. Next the practitioner's point of view, i.e., taking the transactions table as the source of random errors, is adopted. One of the results states that, within each row of the multiplier matrix, either the biases are zero, or positive biases are canceled out by negative biases in the sense that their weighted average is zero. The conditions are based on the idea that information on aggregates is more exact than information on their details. The usual asumptions of independence and unbiasedness of the individual errors are avoided. The results are shown to have a direct interpretation in connection with the RAS-updating procedure. 相似文献