应之《五杉练若新学备用》卷中所收书仪文献初探——以其与敦煌写本书仪比较为中心

日本驹泽大学最近公布了该校图书馆所藏朝鲜重刊本《五杉练若新学备用》,该书是五代禅僧应之撰述给僧侣的实用文书,分为上、中、下三卷,其卷中即书仪部分.是罕有的现存书仪刊本实物,是目前唯一在朝鲜半岛流转下来的古代中国书仪文献,无论对研究僧尼书仪的具体内容,或是讨论书仪在东亚地区的普及接受背景,均具有重要的史料价值.     

杜友晋《吉凶书仪》及《书仪镜》成书年代考

杜友晋《书仪》,《新唐书·艺文志》、《宋史·艺文志》都有著录,唯不见传本,对杜友晋所撰《书仪》年代发生歧异。王重民先生在《敦煌古籍叙录》第二二五页《书仪》条内说:“友晋事迹无考,新唐志置于最末,殆是唐末五代人。”日本学者那波利贞在《<元和新定书仪>与杜友晋所编<吉凶书仪>》①中认为,杜友晋可能是宪宗、文宗时代人。诚然,王重民先生和那波氏据伯三四四二号写卷,推断杜友晋的生存及著述年代,是可以的;但未叙述充分理由,似属臆断。我们不同意上述二位学者关于杜友晋生活及著述年代的     

敦煌《书仪镜》写本S.6111+S.10595考释

<正>一敦煌文献中《书仪镜》写卷保存有S.329、S.361、S.9713、S.6111、S.10595、P.4784共6个卷号。S.9713+S.329+S.361(以下称作"甲本")为同一写卷断裂而成的三个残卷的拼接,赵和平、郝春文等先生已经做了非常全面细致的研究~①。S.6111+S.10595(以下称作"乙本")是同一写卷断裂成的两个残片的拼接,由于仅保存20馀行,学界未曾对此乙本有过校录研究。在校读原卷时,我们发现仅保存20馀行的乙本是一件抄写质量较高的写卷,保存下来的书仪残文,有     

关于《朋友书仪》的再考察

敦煌《朋友书仪》现存十数个写本 ,在敦煌书仪中是唯一一件属于“月仪”类型的书仪。关于《朋友书仪》的渊源、形式及内容分类等 ,周一良先生及赵和平学长已作过十分深入的研究 ① 。笔者只是在前人基础上 ,对书仪的结构、文体、书体变化及产生年代、制作等问题进行一些再分析和探索 ,提出个人浅见以求正于学者方家。     

关于唐五代书仪传播的一些思考——以中原书仪的西行及传播为中心

本文试从信息传播的角度研讨敦煌书仪的制作与传入问题,分开元天宝、中晚唐和五代明宗的不同时段,选择具有典型意义的书仪进行讨论,发现这些书仪的传入并非带有随意性,而是有着特殊的背景和需要。除了必须的道路交通条件之外,其传入乃至制作都受到西北政局及地方证权与中央关系的影响。后唐明宗时传入的书仪尤有特征,它们既有鲜明的地域性和时间性,又有具体的来源,是中原政权开发和拓展西部的产物。对书仪传播原因和来源的考察,不仅可以了解书仪传入的途径和方式,也能够了解书仪作为中原文化的组成向西部传递的特殊价值与时代意义。     

关于唐五代书仪传播的一些思考——以中原书仪的西行及传播为中心北大核心CSSCI

本文试从信息传播的角度研讨敦煌书仪的制作与传入问题,分开元天宝、中晚唐和五代明宗的不同时段,选择具有典型意义的书仪进行讨论,发现这些书仪的传入并非带有随意性,而是有着特殊的背景和需要。除了必须的道路交通条件之外,其传入乃至制作都受到西北政局及地方证权与中央关系的影响。后唐明宗时传入的书仪尤有特征,它们既有鲜明的地域性和时间性,又有具体的来源,是中原政权开发和拓展西部的产物。对书仪传播原因和来源的考察,不仅可以了解书仪传入的途径和方式,也能够了解书仪作为中原文化的组成向西部传递的特殊价值与时代意义。     

从敦煌书仪看中国中古社会

书仪作为古代应用文的范本,从形式和内容上体现着传统礼制的各项规范和要求,是一个时代社会风貌的反映。敦煌遗书中的书仪写本为我们了解中古社会的面貌提供了宝贵的参考资料。     

敦煌写本书仪中所见的唐代婚丧礼俗

古代所谓书仪,是写信的范本。有一种常称为吉凶书仪的,则是在书札的范文之外,还包括婚丧礼俗的叙述与规定,是书仪的三种类型之一。敦煌发现的斯1725号写本书仪残卷,即属此类型。其中以问答形式,相当仔细地讲述了婚礼和丧礼的某些细节。本文以这个残卷为主,结合其他写本书仪,来探讨唐代婚丧礼俗。凡只称书仪的,都指斯1725号写本。 (上) 唐玄宗开元二十年(732年)修成的《大唐开元礼》,应当是唐代社会礼俗的准绳。但它成书以后并未广泛宣传推行,而且它主要是讲有关皇室和各级官吏的礼制,往往不适用于一般庶民。因此,起到礼仪轨范作用的书仪,就在民间很受重视,广为流传了。     

敦煌P.3637《新定书仪镜》中丧服图年代质疑

丧服制度在五礼中属凶礼,是古代礼仪制度中的一顼重要内容。由於丧服制度既古老且复杂,需依照国家礼制规定并据宗族内外亲疏严格分别轻重等级,不易为一般人民所掌握,所以用来直观及简要说明的丧服图便产生了。敦煌写本P．3637卷题杜友晋撰《新定书仪镜》中便有着这样的丧服图三幅,十分引人注意。     

敦煌写本S6537词卷考辨

敦煌写卷S6537正面为佛经注解《金刚暎》,其文首尾俱残,存933行,行25字,共2.3万余字.背面杂录各类文书,其具体内容依次为《养男契》、《放妻书》、《家童再宜放书》、《遗书》、《兄弟分家契》、《社条》、《遗书》、《放妻书》、《社条》、《诸杂要录字》、《阿郎放奴婢书》、《太子修道赞文》、《词卷》、《大唐新定吉凶书仪》并序(未完).     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the