试论南京国民政府初期的村治派

村治派是南京国民政府初期以<村治月刊>为阵地的研究和宣传乡村自治的知识分子群体.他们从文化保守主义与政治民主主义的视角阐扬乡村自治思想,促进了乡村自治思潮的发展,在中国社会政治思想史上留下了浓墨重彩的一笔.     

The globally connected Western Ukrainian village

Abstract

What analytical framework do we need in order to study villages shaped by intensive and long-lasting migration processes? The author tackles this question by scrutinizing the history of a Western Ukrainian village from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century in a case study. Migrants and non-migrants alike were closely interconnected to each other by manifold networks. This kind of interconnectedness proved to be amazingly persistent and did not lose its function even decades after the migration processes themselves had come to an end due to economic or political caesurae. In order to fully grasp this phenomenon, it is necessary to synthesize migration and village history, striving towards a ‘micro history of the globally connected village’.     

The Village in Contemporary Persian Poetry

This paper explores the ever-shifting symbiosis between the village motif, social justice and populist politics in Iran over the past three decades. The village has remained a recurring motif in Persian literature, employed by a variety of writers and state institutions for a range of means. As a symbol, it has been a conduit into which any ideology can be poured; the village allegory can be manipulated to both condemn and support the official policies of the state. A comparison of Iran’s pre- and post-revolutionary literature sheds light on the ways the state literati perpetuated an idealized picture of the village as an authentic, sacred space, increasingly associated with religious nationalism during the 1980s. The paper examines the key socio-political influences on the evolution of the pastoral motif, the work of state-sponsored official poets, and the impact of the village on the cultural doctrine of the Islamic Republic.     

BRIGADOON,OR; MUSICAL COMEDY AND THE PERSISTENCE OF TRADITION IN MELANESIAN ETHNOGRAPHY

‘Brigadoon’ is an American musical comedy of the 1940s and early 1950s. The story centres on a village called Brigadoon, in the Scottish Highlands. Two hundred years ago Brigadoon was threatened with an influx of witches. The village priest, fearing the evil of the influx, prayed that God would so change Brigadoon that one night in the village would last one hundred years in the outside world. Thus, to outsiders, Brigadoon appears only one day each century. Brigadoon would thus survive, each centennial appearance being so brief, in the priest's opinion, that the outside world would not affect it. Brigadoon is a picture-postcard ‘traditional Highlands village’: Highland cattle, milk-maids, village fairs, kilts, tartans, clans and bagpipe music overwhelm the audience. In ‘The invention of tradition: the Highland tradition of Scotland’, Hugh Trevor-Roper (1983) demonstrates that the marks of Highlands culture so pronounced in Brigadoon were a late creation. The kilt was invented by a Quaker English ironmaster from Lancashire, Thomas Rawlinson, around 1730; the image of a distinctive Highlands culture was the creation of James McPherson and the Reverend John McPherson in the 1760s; the distinctive clan tartans were created and marketed by cloth merchants in the late 18th and early 19th century, especially the firm of William Wilson & Son, of Bannockburn, and especially in preparation for the visit of George IV to Edinburgh in 1822.     

The emergence of status inequality in intermediate scale societies: A demographic and socio-economic history of the Keatley Creek site,British Columbia

Explaining the emergence of status inequality in human societies is an important priority for many anthropological archaeologists, particularly those whose research includes intermediate scale societies (complex hunter–gatherers and early agriculturalists). Yet, fine grained records of emergent inequality are still exceedingly rare. This paper outlines a fine-grained record of cultural change from the Keatley Creek site, a complex hunter–gatherer village in British Columbia, in which it is possible to recognize the emergence of inequality and its demographic and economic correlates. Results of the study suggest that status inequality emerged abruptly after an extended period of socio-economic stability in the village under conditions of adversely altered resource conditions, demographic packing, and subsistence resource diversification and extensification.     

云南诺邓 中国盐文化原生态博物馆

诺邓,地处我国西南边陲,位于云南省大理白族自治州云龙县城以北,是一个崇山峻岭环绕的非常边远偏僻的山村,即便在云南都少有人听说过。然而,正是这个偏远而沉寂多年,现在看来有些残破的山村,却有着颇为悠久和辉煌的历史文化。     

江苏徐州金山村汉墓

在金山村发现的两座西汉早期墓葬,皆属土坑石椁墓。椁室由较为规整的石板组成,木棺和墓主人的骨骼已朽,随葬品有陶器、原始瓷器、铜器、玉器等。     

Swidden agriculture,village longevity,and social relations in Formative central Tlaxcala: Towards an understanding of macroregional structure

Understanding social change within early village societies requires analysis at multiple scales. In this paper, we focus on macroregional structure in the Formative era of Central Mexico, based on excavations at village sites in Tlaxcala. A macroregional scale is particularly important for contextualizing developments in the study region. Rapid political evolution after 900 BC built on a legacy of organizational innovations in settled communities to the south. The earliest farmers in central Tlaxcala practiced a system of swidden agriculture developed at lower-lying elevations. Practiced on the erodible slopes of central Tlaxcala, that system led to the widespread degradation of farmland. Consequences at the village scale involved chronic instability of settlement and recurring localized stress on faunal resources.     

Human Ecology of Shellfish Exploitation at a Prehistoric Fishing-Farming Village on the Pacific Coast of Mexico

ABSTRACT

Shellfish remains excavated from an early agricultural village on the Pacific Coast of Mexico (Guerrero) indicate a dietary shift from locally obtained estuarine shellfish (1400–1100 BC) to a greater diversity of mollusks collected from more distant marine environments (900–500 BC). The timing of this shift suggests that it occurred as human populations increased and impacted the availability of local estuarine resources. We argue that this prompted the incorporation of a more diverse array of shellfish species harvested at greater distances or obtained via trade, possibly with the use of boats to transport shellfish and other resources back to the village.     

The site of Al-Qurainiyah: Topography and phases of an early Islamic coastal settlement on Failaka Island

This paper presents the latest finds from the early Islamic site of Al-Qurainiyah on Failaka Island, Kuwait. Trenches opened to the west of the main late Islamic village led to the identification of residential buildings and a workshop located along the shoreline, while the pottery assemblage suggests a permanent occupation from at least the seventh century CE to the early ninth century CE. The last two years of excavations allowed us to uncover archaeological contexts that seem to indicate a previous occupation, dating to the late Hellenistic period (second century BC). The long-term occupation, strategic position of the settlement facing a wide and well-sheltered lagoon, as well as the installation of a stable settlement in the same period of Al-Qusur—the main early Islamic site of the island—seem to suggest the interpretation of Al-Qurainiyah as a landing place used both in the early Islamic period and beforehand.     

Cohabitants,Captives, or Trade: The Early Late Woodland Non-Weaver Ceramic Assemblage at the Marseton #2 Weaver Village in Mercer County,Illinois

The Marseton #2 site is a Weaver ring midden in the Mississippi Valley of Mercer County, Illinois, that was buried by a catastrophic flood event a few centuries after the site had been abandoned. Analysis of the more than 740,000 ceramic items from the village provides insights as to Weaver interactions with other non-Weaver early Late Woodland groups of the region. While the presence of non-Weaver ceramics at the village might represent trade items, or vessels manufactured by potters peacefully or forcibly brought to the site, it is suggested that a non-Weaver household producing Levsen-like ceramics was coexisting at Marseton #2 alongside multiple Weaver households.     

“He is Worst Than the [Shawnee] Prophet”: The Archaeology of Nativism Among the Early Nineteenth Century Potawatomi of Illinois

Abstract

During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries many Great Lakes Native American groups splintered into nativist and accomodationist factions that advocated opposing strategies for dealing with Euro-Americans. Nativists urged a return to a so-called traditional Algonquin way of life while accomodationists adopted varying degrees of Euro-American ideology, material culture, and subsistence practices. The mid-1990s excavation of an early 1800s Potawatomi village (the Windrose site) in northern Illinois once led by Main Poc, one of the fiercest Potawatomi nativist leaders and an ally of the Shawnee Prophet, provided detailed information on the material culture, subsistence, and ideology of the early nineteenth century nativist movement among the Illinois Potawatomi.     

Recent Excavation Results at Sa’ida Village,Failaka Island

One of the least known, yet extremely important, archaeological sites in Failaka Island, off Kuwait, is Sa’ida village. A joint Gulf mission started excavation in Sa’ida in 2001. The excavations on Hill 1 then exposed the first Friday mosque discovered on Failaka and in the State of Kuwait. The material data revealed that the village dates to the late Islamic period, specifically to the end of the seventeenth century until the beginning of the nineteenth century, when the village was abandoned due to the plague epidemic that swept the region. Since 2016, four fieldwork campaign indicated that the village was inhabited in the early Islamic era in the seventh–eighth centuries and continued until the beginning of the twentieth century, with a few but long gaps. The six campaigns revealed religious and domestic buildings and were sufficient to reassess the chronology of occupation and abandonment of Sa’ida. They provided a valuable insight into the organisation of the site and the lifestyle of the population, with large courtyard houses and small one-room buildings.     

要特别重视古村落的保护——南漳漫云古村落的现状及保护探讨

南漳漫云古村落是全国第三次文物普查的新成果,其独特的景观价值、文化价值引起社会的广泛关注.其设计理念,建造方式体现了“天人合一”核心思想,具有浓厚的地域特色,是鄂西北建筑的代表.本文以南漳漫云古村落为例,对古村落的发展演变、结构布局、建筑特点以及保护现状进行分析和研究.并根据古村落的发展特点,探讨当前形势下南漳漫云古村落发展与保护.     

The Seattle Commons

This study looks in depth at the politics, planning, and policymaking involved in the attempt to create a new “urban village” close to downtown Seattle. Beginning in 1991 with a small group of citizens who shared a vision of a major in-city park, the Seattle Commons project gradually became transformed, as result of different interests and political agendas, into an urban village with a major park at its core. This study analyzes these competing interests, the public private leadership roles, the process of organization-building, and the marshaling of opposition that characterized the Commons planning effort during its initial years.     

三门峡三里桥村11号唐墓

三门峡三里桥村11号唐墓经过发掘,出土器物较为丰富,包括各式人物俑和动物俑以及陶器、铁器等,其中贴金武士俑、陶牛车、乐舞俑、骆驼俑、陶琵琶等在豫西地区已发掘的同类墓葬中为首次发现。该墓的发掘为研究豫西地区唐墓提供了新的实物资料,据其形制与出土陶俑的形态特点,其年代当为唐代早期。     

农村土地交易的权利配置及利益分享

农村土地交易的现状是令人担忧的,现行物权法为农村土地交易厘清了所有权及其相关权利的关系。但是。农村土地交易仅仅依靠物权法是无法解决的。农村土地交易权利配置与利益分享机制是解决农村土地问题的关键。构建以农地发展权为基础的农地制度,再进行具体的制度安排,是构建我国土地交易利益分享机制的有效途径。     

The Snake Bone Case: Law,Custom, and Justice in a Papua New Guinea Village Court

One of the outcomes of judgmental administrative attitudes toward indigenous praxis in colonial Papua New Guinea was a convention that an antagonistic relationship existed between European law and ‘native custom‘. By the end of the colonial period the defence of ‘custom’ had become part of an anti-colonial polemic among indigenous intellectuals and politicians. The Village Court system was established in this rhetorical climate. Its mission, reinforced in legislation, included the favouring of ‘custom’ in the dispensation of justice. Subsequent academic and journalistic commentaries on the development of the Village Court system have perpetuated a binary notion of the relationship between law and custom, whether portraying it as antagonistic or articulatory. This article focuses on a single case from a Port Moresby village court, involving an accusation of attempted sorcery. The case raises questions not only about the validity of the discursive law/custom dichotomy but about the notion of custom itself in the context of the dispensation of justice in contemporary Papua New Guinea. It is suggested that in village court praxis, the notion of custom serves the exploitation of village court officers as cheap labour in the justice system.     

Village and community in early colonial New England

The long-standing correlation between community function and nucleated settlement form in early colonial New England is mistaken. Puritan communities were established, but new communities—often called villages in colonial records—were developed and survived quite well regardless of settlement form. As in England at the time, village meant community and community was a social web. Village status in New England provided a community with land and thus enabled the community to undertake settlement. But the social web that comprised community did not require nucleated settlement, and the dispersed settlement form that many colonists had known in England dominated the village landscape of early colonial New England.     

Recovering the past from above Hibabiya — an Early Islamic village in the Jordanian desert?

Britain and the Middle East were the two areas in which the technique of aerial archaeology was pioneered in the 1920s. Overwhelmingly the latter took place in Syria where a French Jesuit priest, Antoine Poidebard, worked for a generation. Further south in Transjordan — as it then was — three men presided over a brief (1927–1929) but fruitful period: an archaeologist with a passion for the newly developing technique (O.G.S. Crawford) and two pilots of the Royal Air Force with an amateur interest in what they saw beneath their wings (Flt. Lt. P.E. Maitland and Gp/Capt L.W.B. Rees). An aerial photograph published at the time seemed to identify a ‘village’ as prehistoric. Over eighty years later and just after it was destroyed, a fresh examination and the rediscovery of some crucial dating evidence have combined to identify it as, probably, an early Islamic village on the desert fringe.