Climate and visitation to Utah's ‘Mighty 5’ national parks

ABSTRACT

The relationship between climate and visitation to managed natural areas has been analyzed at a variety of different spatial scales. We expand upon our existing knowledge on this topic by: (1) determining how a wide range of climate variables affect visitation across a regional tourism system; and (2) identifying which variables affect visitation system-wide and which variables only affect visitation at specific parks. Our analysis focuses on five national parks located in southern Utah (USA) commonly referred to as ‘the Mighty 5’. We found monthly average daily maximum temperatures were the best predictor of system-wide visitation, suggesting average daily maximum temperatures play a more direct role in tourists’ travel decisions relative to other climate variables, including other derivations of temperature. We also found declines in monthly park visitation for three parks (Arches, Canyonlands, and Capitol Reef) once average daily maximum temperatures exceed 25 C. For Bryce Canyon and Zion however, monthly visitation continued to increase well above this threshold. The geophysical characteristics of these parks appear to mediate the relationship between average daily maximum temperature and visitation. The commonly found ‘inverted U-shape’ relationship between temperature and visitation should not be seen as a universal maxim. We also found precipitation to be a poor predictor of system-wide visitation, but a significant factor shaping the travel decisions of visitors to Bryce Canyon, the only park to offer snow-based outdoor recreation opportunities. Future research should not disregard the possibility of precipitation being a significant factor shaping visitors’ travel decisions. By conducting our analyses at two distinct scales, we have found there is a difference between the individual climate variables that are regionally-significant drivers of visitation and those that are locally-significant drivers of visitation. Scale matters in analyses of the relationship between climate and visitation.     

EDITORIAL

In undergraduate geography programs in the United States there is increasing demand for students to be prepared for real-world project management and to possess strong GIS technical skills and cartographic communication skills upon graduation. There is, however, limited time and opportunity within the framework of traditional undergraduate programs to offer this type of hands-on training while simultaneously increasing conceptual and theoretical knowledge and improving technical abilities. This article outlines a framework for integrating community partnerships into real-world GIS learning opportunities for undergraduate students. Our primary objective is to provide an active learning opportunity that mimics a real-world project scenario within the Geography Department's undergraduate GIS curriculum.     

身份认同与具身体验内在响应研究——以中国“同志”赴泰旅游为例

同性恋旅游正在成为一个全新的旅游细分市场,而身份认同作为中国“同志”在旅游过程中的自我认同和身份的确认,在旅游体验的获得上具有较为紧密的关联。身份认同与旅游具身体验的响应研究以中国“同志”赴泰旅游为例,通过16位中国“同志”旅游者五天四夜的赴泰旅游日记的撰写,并结合后续通过3位日记撰写受访者和6位赴泰旅游的受访者的深度访谈逐字稿进行访谈,探讨中国“同志”赴泰的身份认同与具身体验响应的内在关联研究。研究表明,中国“同志”赴泰旅游体验是实现身份认同和自我认同的具身性实践和反思,也是叙事性内容建构的过程,进而得出身份认同与旅游具身体验内在关联的叙事过程性空间模型。本研究将补足深化和拓宽亚洲“同志”的身份认同与具身体验的研究较少的现状,做了进一步的细分旅行者行为和心理的研究。     

户外游憩体验质量评价研究——以上海城市公园自行车活动为例

本文探讨了户外游憩体验质量、游憩者、游憩地之间的内在关系,初步构建了户外游憩体验质量评价模型;以上海城市公园自行车活动为例,通过现场问卷调查和访谈获取基础数据,探讨自行车活动核心游憩体验因子构成及核心影响因素,初步形成了户外游憩体验质量量化评价的方法。     

可重复性旅游的建设问题研究

本文就旅游者来一次而不再来第二次的现象,提出了可重复性旅游的概念及其建设问题。作者认为旅游重复性较低,重要原因之一是“旅游审美说”的理论在起作用,应注意挖掘与建设非观赏性的旅游对象物,从而在旅游地形成可重复性旅游的一些必要功能。文章还以大连为例就可重复性旅游的内容及其今后的课题,进行了广泛的讨论。     

城市建成区户外游憩系统初探--以兰州市为例

从分析城市建成区居民生活与闲暇现状出发,对构建城市建成区户外游憩系统进行了理论思考,认为:城市建成区户外游憩系统适合城市建成区居民户外游憩活动谱中较小尺度的游憩行为;为满足城市居民的闲暇需求而建构的游憩系统,必须遵循一定的原则,才能达到游憩场地和游憩设施效用的最大化、居民游憩偏好的最大满足;以人为本是户外游憩系统构建的总原则,地方性、内向定位等则是总原则的具体体现。在此基础上,以兰州市为例,提出了建成区户外游憩系统的实际构想--构建兰州市建成区户外游憩系统,既要看到该市建成区环境具有明显的\"廊道\"效应、黄色为背景色等特征,又不能忽视在建成区内的一百多万城市居民的生活实际。依据户外游憩系统构建原则,在充分利用兰州市现有的游憩场地和游憩设施的前提下,提出了滨河游憩走廊、城市中心体系游憩系统的构建思想。     

顾客融入行为对旅游移动平台忠诚度的影响研究——以携程App为例

近期学术界和业界关于顾客融入的后果因素讨论不断,特别是忠诚度的讨论热度较高。旅游和酒店业也已开始通过管理顾客融入行为来增强顾客—品牌关系,但顾客融入行为的实证研究仍较少。文章在旅游移动平台情境下采用层级回归方法研究了顾客融入行为和平台忠诚度的关系。结果显示,顾客融入行为是包括消费性融入行为、贡献性融入行为和社交性融入行为的二阶构念;顾客融入行为可增强满意度和平台忠诚度,表明平台忠诚度可通过非交易行为的融入行为得到加强。其中,消费性融入行为的影响最强,其次是社交性融入行为,再次是贡献性融入行为;满意度在融入行为和平台忠诚度之间起部分中介作用。最后文章对旅游移动平台的运营和管理提出了一些建议。     

雾霾天气对国内游客旅游意愿与行为影响研究——以西安为例

在雾霾天气频繁影响旅游业发展背景下,本研究以西安为案例地,基于问卷调查数据,综合运用统计分析与卡方检验方法,从旅游前、旅游中、旅游后三个阶段,系统探究雾霾天气下国内游客的旅游意愿、行为特征、影响因素与形成机理。结果表明：在当前旅游发展阶段,受旅游机会、成本等因素影响,国内游客普遍对旅游城市雾霾天气影响重视不足,且不同旅游阶段游客旅游意愿与实际行为之间存在较大偏差。同时,游客对旅游城市雾霾天气的响应特征具有极强的内在关联性,且游客对雾霾的关注率、知晓率和游后意愿行为等均受其婚姻状况显著影响,而与其惯常生活环境无关。     

旅游地游憩价值评估研究进展

近50年来,旅游地游憩价值评估成为一个热点研究领域,为相关自然保护区、景区的管理与决策起到重大作用。我国从20世纪80年代也出现了游憩价值评估的探索。综合分析国外的相关资料,旅游地游憩价值评估主要集中于旅游地环境资源总经济价值评估、生态旅游发展与政策评估、游憩项目评估和评估方法的研究,主要使用费用支出法、旅行费用法和条件估值法等方面。我国的游憩价值评估主要集中在森林游憩价值领域,方法应用和研究规范上与国外尚有差距。此外,针对我国部分研究将出现将游憩价值评估与经营资产价值评估糅合,认为游憩价值评估与经营资产价值评估是两条独立的主线,不应互相混淆。     

Engaging with nature: nature affords well-being for families and young people in Finland

ABSTRACT

Contact with nature is increasingly being recognized as contributing to humans’ mental and physical health. This study explores how Finnish children, young people and families engage with nature during outdoor recreation. We apply a relational approach with the concept of affordance to understand better how engagement with nature affects their well-being. The study is based on thematic writings of 15- to 21-year-olds and on an ethnographic study of camping. Findings indicate that engagement with nature enables young people to calm down and to get away from the pressures of everyday life and affords close interaction for families. The relational approach makes visible that the more young people and families spend time in nature, the more they are able to perceive affordances that enhance their well-being. In future research and policy, the focus should be on how to support families’ engagement with nature by securing time and places for encountering nature.     

旅游产业集群:旅游地理学研究的微观领域

产业集群是近年来经济学、地理学、管理学、社会学等学科共同关注的热点问题,旅游产业集群的研究也开始引起重视。旅游地理学开展旅游产业集群的研究一方面有助于从经济和地理的角度对旅游产业集群集聚机制和空间机理的阐释,另一方面也将弥补旅游地理学对于旅游经济微观主体-旅游企业间联系与空间关系的不足,为旅游地理学研究拓展微观研究领域。本文分析了目前国内外学术界和实践领域对于旅游产业集群的论证以及对旅游产业集群概念的阐释和旅游产业集群理论的研究,提出了旅游地理学对旅游产业集群研究的必要性,认为旅游地理学研究旅游产业集群具有综合性、空间性和应用性等学科优势,最后指出旅游地理学研究产业集群主要应从旅游产业集群的形成机理分析、旅游产业集群内企业的竞合关系与创新机制、旅游产业集群的空间结构和布局以及旅游产业集群与区域经济的关系等方面入手,并应通过大量案例支撑理论研究。     

访沪国内游客旅游行为空间特征研究

在现场访谈获取访沪游客在沪旅游行为资料数据的基础上,根据不同访沪经历类型游客到访景区(点)的空间与时间数据统计,运用核密度估算方法,得出到访上海国内游客的空间行为特征:①首次访沪、第二次访沪和多次访沪游客的旅游空间行为集聚呈现\"中心城区单核型-中心城区单核外溢型-城、郊并举多核型\"变化模式;②首次访沪游客在沪旅游时间较长,日均到访的景区(点)数较多,而第二次、多次重游上海的游客在沪旅游时间相对缩短、日均到访景区(点)个数相对缩减,具有只针对单一景区(点)出游的倾向;③游客单次在沪旅游时间和到访景区(点)个数的缩减和单一景区(点)的出游趋向,意味着多次访沪游客已具备以上海为目的地的潜在度假旅游动机。据此,讨论了我国城市旅游发展中重点拓展休闲度假旅游,建设城、郊并举\"多核心\"旅游空间行为集聚区等问题。     

珠海旅游产业集群的案例研究

在对旅游产业集群理论简要综述的基础上,文章以珠海市为案例,实地调研和深入访谈分析珠海旅游产业集群各要素之间的关系,并构建了珠海旅游产业集群的构成要素示意图,最后利用\"钻石模型\"评估珠海旅游集群的发展现状。文章充实了国内关于旅游产业集群的实证研究,指出珠海旅游产业集群已经初步形成,并且是一种政府主导型发展模式,但集群要素间进一步的知识和信息联系较少,创新性不足,珠海旅游产业集群属于低端集群,其进一步的完善和升级还需要继续发挥政府的支持和推动作用。     

以博客为舞台:后旅游体验行为的建构性诠释

后旅游体验阶段涉及旅游者对游览过程中收集的体验原材料进行加工处理从而生产出体验展示品的行为。随着网络的发展,旅游博客成为展示旅游体验的一种重要形式。本文运用网络田野考察方法,从表演的视角,审视旅游者为展示体验所进行的博客舞台设置活动,揭示旅游者借助博客空间而实现角色塑造、印象管理、剧目呈现等目标的行为规律。     

Canadian smart cities: Are we wiring new citizen-local government interactions?

Governments around the world are developing smart city projects, with the aim to realize diverse goals of increased efficiency, sustainability, citizen engagement, and improved delivery of services. The processes through which these projects are conceptualized vary dramatically, with potential implications for how citizens are involved or engaged. This research examines the 20 finalists in the Canadian Smart Cities Challenge, a Canadian federal government contest held from 2017 to 2019 to disburse funding in support of smart city projects. We analyzed each of the finalist proposals, coding all instances of citizen engagement used to develop the proposal. A significant majority of the proposals used traditional types of citizen engagement, notably citizen meetings, round tables, and workshops, to develop their smart city plans. We also noted the use of transactional forms of citizen engagement, such as apps, and the use of social media. Despite the general rhetoric of innovation in the development of smart cities, this research finds that citizens are most commonly engaged in traditional ways. This research provides cues for governments that are developing smart city projects, placing an emphasis on the importance of the process of smart city development, and not simply the product.     

宁波自驾车旅游现状调查及发展对策研究

随着汽车进入百姓家庭,自驾车旅游在全国各地日益成为热点旅游形式。本文通过实地调查和面对面访谈,对宁波自驾车旅游者的消费特点进行了描述性分析,揭示了宁波自驾车旅游发展所面临的问题,其中包括基础设施和企业经营两方面,从而提出了宁波自驾车旅游发展的对策。     

Reframing China’s heritage conservation discourse. Learning by testing civic engagement tools in a historic rural village

Urban heritage conservation in China has been subject to severe criticism, although there is now a sense of paradigm shift. Charters, declarations and agendas had the merit of filtering down the international discourse on heritage, while more innovative approaches were arising. The UNESCO Historic Urban Landscape recommendation, offers a new angle from which to observe this process of change. The underlying argument of this article is that HUL can provide a platform to achieve greater sustainability in transforming historic sites in China, particularly in rural areas, overcoming, at the same time, the easy shortcut of the East–West discourse of difference in respect to heritage conservation. This is primarily due to the shifting focus from the materiality of heritage to its role in sustainable development with increasing attention on the role played by local communities. By presenting the proposal for the protection of the historic rural village of Shuang Wan in the Jiangsu Province, this paper aims to reflect on this shift showing its advantages but also some of the risks. These are inherent in a discourse of heritage in danger of legitimising mere pro-growth development approaches, if not accompanied by participatory practices considerate of the specific social reality of China.