从“中国礼乐互为表里”说起——试论儒家音乐美学思想的本质

中国古代文人谈及礼必论及乐,论及乐又脱离不了礼。"礼"必然通过"乐"来表现,而"乐"又依附于"礼"而存在,礼乐互为表里。这都是由礼的形式需要和音乐本身的社会功能性所决定的。我国古代音乐文化丰富多样,百家争鸣,而能够存活至今仍被我们施行的主要是儒、释、道三家,释家为外来文化,在其发展过程中吸收了道、儒两家学说,其本质仍离不开儒、道两家学说的思想。故本文主要通过儒、道两家既相互对立斗争又相互吸收交融,相辅相成的动态生存现象,采用比较研究的方法,探讨了儒家音乐与美学思想的互为表里的关系,分析了当代泛音乐美学思想的出现。     

实现生命的永恒——儒佛伦理道德的共同旨趣

伦理精神是中国传统文化的核心,儒佛作为中国传统文化的两个重要组成部分,其伦理道德思想相资互补、相辅相成已成共识。笔者认为二者相资互补的深层原因是二者有着共同的旨趣,即实现生命的永恒。儒佛从不同的理论前提出发,经由不同的理路最后殊途同归,但是不可否认二者所由以产生的对社会对个体的影响也是各异的。同时儒佛的这种追求崇高的精神给我们今天的人们以很大启迪。     

浅论佛儒道三教之融合

产生于印度的佛教,为了能在中国本土传播,在最初的传入过程中主动与儒道结合,由于佛道儒三教本身又有某些契合和互补之处,所以从思想理论上看,佛教的发展史在很大程度上就是佛教与儒道的融合史。     

王阳明“四句教”再探释

“四句教”①引起后世学者众多的争论，其中最主要的一点为阳明究竟是儒是佛？或“以排之实托儒之名”？表面看“无善无恶心之体”确实吸收了释、道的智慧，阳明自己也说：“仙佛到极处与儒者略同”。然而这实际只是上半截的略同，一涉及下半截，阳明就多有激烈批判，用他的话说就是道释“但有上一截，遍了下一截，终不似圣人之全，然上截同者不可诬也”。正是在极其重要的下半截上，儒与道释表现出根本不同的立场。阳明所说的上半截，乃是指形上界、超越界、本体界，儒释两家都将其收放于人的内在本心。他比较儒释两家说：“良知之体如明镜…     

借宇宙论确立的儒道二家的“生命的学问”

大家都比较逐渐地认同,中国传统儒、道二家的哲学,都可称为“生命的学问”。这种“生命的学问”,在形而上层面上,可以以宇宙论或本源论支撑,亦可以由本体论确认。本文即致力於探讨儒、道两家在宇宙论上的差别,及由这种差别建构而成的“生命的学问”的不同路向。     

浅析中国古代的“阴性文化”

中国的传统文化被称之为阴性文化,而中国的这种阴性文化传统在先秦诸子的儒、道两家思想中已形成了较为系统的理论。本文对此进行具体探寻,并在中国古代文学作品中找寻阴性文化的印记。     

论苏辙《老子注》对儒、道的融合

苏辙《老子注》对《老子》的诠释,并未严格遵守《老子》文本,而是进行了重大改造,其目的是"六经注我",创造三教合一的新思想体系。苏辙融合儒、道的表现在:调和了儒、道关于仁义礼乐的争执;将儒家的中庸思想和道家的贵阴柔思想融于一体;借《老子》探讨儒家的性命之学;融合儒、道的圣人理论。     

从儒佛道三教关系的视角看鉴真东渡

鉴真是唐朝著名的佛教高僧和思想家,鉴真东渡与玄奘西行可视为唐朝中外文化交流史上"西行东渐"的双璧。鉴真游学、东渡于盛唐武则天至唐玄宗期间,其时亦属儒佛道三教文化的长足发展期。在武则天崇佛抑道轻儒时期,鉴真在扬州出家;重佛轻道的中宗和崇道兼佛的睿宗时期,鉴真游学两京;玄宗崇道抑佛升儒时期,鉴真六次东渡。盛唐时期儒佛道三教冲突与融合实为鉴真东渡的思想因缘之一。     

汉魏南北朝佛道关系研究

道教对于佛教的中国化产生了深刻的影响,同时,佛教也对道教的完善和发展发挥了重要的作用。佛教与道教两者的关系可以概括为两个方面,一方面是佛教与道教之间相互斗争,另一方面是佛教与道教两者相互借鉴融合。佛道两教就是在这两种关系的基础上完成了各自的演变与发展。     

汉魏南北朝佛道关系研究

道教对于佛教的中国化产生了深刻的影响,同时,佛教也对道教的完善和发展发挥了重要的作用。佛教与道教两者的关系可以概括为两个方面,一方面是佛教与道教之间相互斗争,另一方面是佛教与道教两者相互借鉴融合。佛道两教就是在这两种关系的基础上完成了各自的演变与发展。     

A Centre for Excellence in Education for Sustainable Development

The English higher education landscape has recently experienced a significant change with the addition of 74 Centres for Excellence in Teaching & Learning (CETLs), each one devoted to a particular educational issue or theme. This paper highlights a CETL which is of special interest to geographers in that it is focused on the promotion of education for sustainable development (ESD). The CETL is based at the University of Plymouth, UK, and is tasked with the responsibility of embedding a whole-university approach to sustainability. It will also seek to encourage best practice more widely, working with other institutions regionally, nationally and internationally.     

New regression equations for stature estimation for medieval Scandinavians

Estimating stature from skeletal remains in an archaeological context requires appropriate methods that take into account possible temporal and spatial changes in body proportions. New regression equations—both least squares (LSQ) and reduced major axis (RMA) equations—were thus developed for estimating living stature from the long bone lengths of medieval inhabitants (N = 60) of Westerhus, Sweden. The living stature of these skeletal specimens was determined by using the anatomical method. Findings in this study reveal that LSQ regression equations systematically overestimate statures of short individuals and underestimate those of tall individuals, whereas the RMA equations—both combined sexes and sex‐specific equation—provide more accurate stature estimations for individuals of very different statures. The combined sexes RMA‐equations should be used for cases in which the sex is unknown because they provide more accurate stature estimations than sex‐specific equation with a wrong sex determination. These new equations are more appropriate than generally used regression equations for estimating statures of the medieval period Scandinavians. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Searching for the Intercultural,Searching for the Culture

This paper questions a dominant view of culture as being relatively bounded and hermetic by questioning the concept of an intercultural domain that is brought into existence as a necessary consequence of this view. The paper suggests that recognition of cultural processes does not lead to the need to posit ‘a culture’ which is constituted by them. The view that ‘a culture’ is a relatively autonomous, relatively hermetic and relatively homeostatic entity arises, this paper argues, in the birth of nationalism and the founding years of anthropology, which are intimately linked. This approach, characterised here as modernist, is criticised for failing to deal well with complex cultural relationships. It results in the need to theorise an intercultural space, or a realm of cultural change, between cultures theorised as entities. Here the later work of Malinowski is used as an exemplar. The paper argues for alternative conceptualisations, such as Gluckman's suggestion that intercultural relations occur within social fields which are the proper subject of anthropology, and Strathern's contention that ‘society’ is a redundant concept, yet not denying ‘sociality‘. The case of the Aboriginal people of Broome in their struggle with the state over the terms in which their prior rights to land will be recognised is used to illustrate this.     

大学中的人民,人民中的大学墨西哥国立自治大学UNAM

这所大学的特色,在于它的自治传统和校园建筑艺术。自治传统使墨大成为墨西哥历史和文化独树一帜的传承者,而其校园建筑艺术则让墨大在2007年入选了世界遗产名录。