浅说麦积区博物馆馆藏宋代磁州窑梅瓶的艺术风格——兼论磁州窑梅瓶的发展演变历程

天水市麦积区博物馆馆藏一件磁州窑梅瓶,其造型优美,纹饰构图严谨,布局合理,工艺先进,是宋代瓷器中最为典型的一种器物,更是宋代文化气质、经济昌盛的集中体现。这件磁州窑梅瓶豪放雄伟,代表了北方艺术特色,对于研究宋代磁器在麦积区的发展、演变及文明交流具有重要参考价值。     

谈李嵩的创作思想

在我国绘画史上,宋代以民间生活为题材的风俗画有着重要的地位。其中,李嵩是有代表性的画家之一。研究李嵩的创作思想,对于研究宋代风俗画有着重要意义。鉴于史料中有关李嵩的记载零散而稀少,本文拟从分析李嵩的几幅作品入手,对其创作思     

浅析宋代工笔花鸟画的艺术特色

工笔花鸟画凝聚着中华民族的智慧和创造力,在中国绘画史上有着悠久的历史,不仅体现出了浓郁的传统生活气息,而且以独特的风格特征和审美思想在当今艺术中有着重要的地位。宋代的院体花鸟画经历了百年的孕育,蕴含了高雅的品质,成为了工笔花鸟的鼎盛时期。画家们有着高超的写生技巧,注重时生活的细微观察,对生活有着很大的热情。他们的表现手法独特,风格柔媚富丽,被后来的画家吸收和应用。宋代花乌画在艺术风格上大大超过了唐代,它所描绘的花果珍禽草木,生动逼真,色彩典雅,姿态优关,在传神方面达到了很高的境界。     

解析宋代磁州窑瓷枕的造型艺术及其文化内涵

瓷枕是中国古代瓷器造型中较为流行的一种,始烧于隋代,流行于唐代以后。宋代磁州窑烧制的瓷器大部分是当时人民群众日常生活用品,种类繁多,尤以瓷枕数量庞大,做工精美。宋代磁州窑瓷枕烧制技术纯熟,在器物造型和装饰等方面有很独特是艺术风格,并且他们被赋予了一定的文化寓意,体现着宋代一定的社情民风,很具有时代特色。本文就根据对宋代磁州窑瓷枕的产生、宋代磁州窑瓷枕的形式美、宋代磁州窑瓷枕的功能性方面进行分析,解析其所蕴含的造型艺术特点和文化内涵。     

宋代翰林图画院的体制

宋代美术是中国古代美术的高峰期．宋代院体绘画是宋代美术的骨干力量之一。关于宋代院体绘画的艺术成就已多有论者著述,本文重点论及宋代画院的性质、规模、隶属制度以及画家的入院考核、升迂制度、待遇等。     

元孟玉涧《黄鸟图》辨析

元代画家孟玉涧的作品传艺极少,近年发现两件黄鸟图,有玉涧、孟天泽等款识及印章,应是他的作品。另外,台北故宫博物馆收藏有一幅《桑枝黄鸟图》,名款被毁,长期以来被当做宋代作品。此画风格与前述两画相同,也应为孟玉涧所作,是被画商钤上万几清暇、宣和伪印,冒充宋人作品的。     

浅析康熙彩瓷

我国古代瓷器的装饰艺术源远流长,装饰方法丰富多彩,一般说来宋代以前基本以刻花,划花、印花、贴花等为主要装饰方法。瓷器用彩装饰虽早在宋代之前就出现,但一直未形成主流,据考证瓷器装饰用彩最早出现在西晋晚期,在当时南方的许多青瓷上出现了由褐色斑点组成的简单图案,到了隋代便开始用墨彩点画人物的发冠、五官、和衣纹。唐代的长沙窑开启了釉下彩绘瓷器的先河,有了较成熟的绘制纹饰。而笔墨酣畅、自由奔放的宋代磁州窑白釉褐花瓷器则又使彩绘瓷器更进一步。金代、元代磁州窑红绿彩为明代成     

清宫旧藏景德镇生产的明清时期鱼纹瓷

鱼纹,陶瓷装饰的传统纹饰之一,广义上可包含由鱼纹和其它纹样组合而成的纹饰,狭义上仅指纯粹鱼纹或以鱼纹为主体的纹饰。鱼纹早在西安半坡新石器时代遗址出土的彩陶中即已出现,河南临汝出土有鹦鱼石斧图彩陶缸,其后的商周青铜器、玉器,秦汉的漆器、彩陶上,鱼纹均得到广泛应用。到了唐代,鱼纹开始用于瓷器装饰。宋代定窑、景德镇窑、龙泉窑、耀州窑、磁州窑都有大量的鱼纹装饰,明清之际景德镇御窑生产的鱼纹瓷种类繁多,最为引人注目。     

宋代温州绘画艺术初论

宋代温州社会经济繁荣,商业手工业发展迅速,文化艺术繁盛,绘画艺术得到长足发展。文献记载有画家十余位。出土文物中,陆续发现纸绢画、版画、壁画、漆画、瓷画、金银錾刻画等画种,囊括人物、山水、花鸟等画类。本文拟整理文献记载宋代温州画家及其生平,归纳出土的绘画文物,并初步讨论宋代温州绘画艺术发展脉络与主要特点。     

三星堆遗址祭祀区三号坑出土神树纹玉琮

三星堆遗址祭祀区三号坑遗物埋藏层出土1件神树纹玉琮（K3qw∶236）,其平面位置靠近三号坑南壁,紧邻青铜顶尊跪坐人像。玉琮材质为透闪石―阳起石玉,整体呈较规整的方柱体,中有周正的圆孔,器表无节槽,有线刻纹饰,刻痕甚浅。玉琮四面均饰弦纹与窃曲纹条带,其中相对的两面各线刻一株神树,形象与三星堆出土青铜神树有颇多近似之处。其原先应为一件素面玉琮,在经历一段时间的流传、磨损后,才被刻上纹饰。器物形制与齐家文化玉琮高度相似,无疑是受甘青地区文化影响的产物,甚至不能排除这件器物原本为齐家文化产品的可能。神树纹饰具有鲜明的三星堆文化特征,雕刻线条却又略显潦草,或说明玉琮在三星堆文化中尚未被视作礼器。     

The Work of the Institute of Geography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1958

The author defines satellites primarily on the basis of their commuting links with the central city or cities. He discusses characteristics of satellite cities and towns and their functions, trends in the development and location of satellites, and recommendations for Soviet city planning. In the following translation, the Russian term gorod has been translated as city, and poselok gorodskogo tipa (urban-type settlement) as town.     

藏琴成金 杨氏藏琴赏析

当代收藏已经不再公限于收藏传统的书画和瓷器,随着收藏家的精英化和收藏市场的成熟化,＂藏琴成金＂正成为近年艺术品市场的大势所趋。由于唐宁时期的古琴的数量极为有限,在艺术市场中出现机构较少。     

殷人尊东北方位说补证

殷人有重视东北方位、把东北看作是吉向尊位的传统观念。这是由于商族起源于东北地区的古渤海湾一带。甲骨文中“东北”为尊位而“西南”为卑位。商代都城规划中重东北方位的经营,如郑州商城、偃师商城、黄陂盘龙城、夏县东下冯商城、新近发现的焦作府城商代城址和洹北商城等莫不如此。尤以殷墟都城的规划布局重东北方位为甚,如殷墟地区时代最早的遗址在殷墟都城的东北部;殷墟都城之宫城正位于整个都城范围的东北部;殷墟发现的车马坑与大墓的位置关系也表明尊东北方位,等等。     

由“分期”史到“断代”史——民国时期大学“中国通史”讲授体系之演变

民国时期大学的中国通史讲授,有一个从模仿西洋史上古、中古、近古、近世的分期体系,向断代体系逐步演变的过程,最通行的断代方法为先秦、秦汉、魏晋南北朝、隋唐五代、宋辽金元、明清六段。在前一种讲授体系下,由于分期标准难以确定,造成时期划分极端混乱,中西历史对照讲授的目的难以达到,而且由于受西方中心史观的影响,还出现了强分时代乃至割裂历史的弊端。因此,这种讲授体系逐渐被各大学所抛弃,而代之以后者。后一种讲授体系的最终确立,是在分段问题上充分考虑中国自身历史发展特点的结果。其问题主要在于各段历史在实际讲授过程当中,常常不能衔接,造成通史事实上不通。与通史讲授体系的演变相呼应,通史教科书的编撰,也大体经历了一个从模仿西洋史分期,到依据本国历史发展特点构建本国通史著作体系的演变。这是中国史研究逐渐深入的一个表现。     

The coming of age of the history of archaeology

Publications and organizational developments relating to the history of archaeology from 1989 until June 1993 are critically examined. Attention is paid to the changing motivations for producing such publications, their shifting intellectual orientation, controversies, especially as they relate to internal vs external approaches and the epistemological status of explanations, problems of verification, and the status of these studies as a subfield within archaeology.     

郑州商城始建年代研究

二里冈下层地层普遍叠压郑州商城内城墙,内城存在大量洛达庙文化遗存及其宫殿基址,郑州商城内城应建于洛达庙类型的晚段,郑州商城郭城建立于二里冈下层一期。     

Centenary of the Department of Geography,University of Aberdeen

ABSTRACT

Prior to the amalgamation of Aberdeen’s two medieval universities in 1860, Geography had been taught to undergraduate students at both King’s and Marischal Colleges since at least the late 16th Century. First mooted in the early 1900s, it was not until 1919 that a lectureship in Geography at Aberdeen was created and a ‘Department of Geography’ came into being. In this contribution we chronicle how, over a century, the Geography department has evolved, highlighting developments in the curriculum and research-related activities. The early decades of the Department were shaped by John McFarlane, the first and only full-time appointee in Geography until his retirement in 1945. The post-World War II period, led by Andrew O’Dell, saw Geography develop into a large and influential Department. During the 1960s and 1970s, the Department (and University) experienced unprecedented levels of growth. Student numbers, research output and income accelerated apace. In the recent past national assessments of research and teaching quality and institutional restructuring have prompted further change. As the Department enters a second century it remains committed to delivering a high quality education to undergraduate and postgraduate students and to the pursuit of excellent geographical research.     

The Selection of Elements of the Physical-Geographic Environment and of Aspects of Human Occupance for an Evaluation of Physical Living Conditions

A review of research undertaken by the author, together with Ye. B. Lopatina, on the evaluation of the effect of various components of the natural environment on particular aspects of human occupance of a specific territory. The present paper attempts to select, group, and systematize the environmental elements to be evaluated in the form of a matrix, in which the character and the degree of the effect of each environmental factor are indicated. The matrix shows, for example, how a relief element, such as absolute elevation, affects public health or the esthetic-psychological perception of the environment, over how large an area, during what period of time, and what particular population groups. It also indicates whether the particular environmental effect is amenable to transformation.     

海南岛诸别称之由来

历史上海南岛有众多别称,按其属性,可分为八种类型：一是由本岛古代土居民的习俗而得名,有儋耳;二是由本岛历史上最早设立的两个地方政权名称而得名,有“珠崖、儋耳”、儋崖;三是由统辖全岛的政权名称而得名,有珠崖、崖州、琼州、琼管、琼、琼崖、琼台、琼瑶、琼州府、琼郡、琼甸、朱崖洲、琼岛、琼海：四是由本岛孤悬南海和远离祖国大陆而得名,有海南州、海外;五是由本岛远处祖国南陲而得名,有朱垠、南极、南荒、炎荒：六是由本岛古代盛产香料而得名,有香洲;七是由本岛战略地位和经济地位的重要而得名,有南溟奇甸、宝岛、“南天一柱”和“南海明珠”：八是由本岛明代人昌盛而得名,有海滨邹鲁。本主要通过上述各个方面探讨海南岛诸别称的由来。     

民国时期的双旗图案

本文所论双旗图案是指装饰于人工制品上的两面旗帜图案。其形制为两面带有旗杆的不同或相同旗帜左右并列,两旗杆相交,相交处或有丝带相束。就笔者所知,双旗图案至少已出现于清末宣统元年的褒奖状上（图1）,这件褒奖状是1909年武汉第一次劝业奖进会上颁给在羊楼洞采办茶砖最力者的奖状。