浙江明清契约文书研究综述

自20世纪80年代以来,明清土地契约文书越来越被学者所关注,逐渐成为显学,其中以傅衣凌、杨国祯等为代表。当时他们的目光主要集中在徽州、福建等地的契约文书上,浙江的契约文书仅被零星提到。随着研究的不断深入,一批浙江地方契约文书的专辑、图录及相关论述纷纷面世,如宁波、绍兴、松阳等地契约整理研究的成果。民间契约文书的整理研究,是相当辛苦的一项工作,但意义重大。浙江省博物馆藏有大量的契约文书,目前正在整理当中。在此,对近年来浙江明清契约文书的搜集、整理和研究情况作一梳理回顾,以便为将来进一步的研究提供参考与借鉴。     

陈支平著《民间文书与明清东南族商研究》评介

自傅衣凌先生首次运用福建农村的契约文书编成《福建省农村社会经济参考资料汇编》以来,对契约文书史料的运用逐渐得到历史学界的重视。而随着20世纪50年代以后徽州文书的大量发现,学者们对明清时期农村社会的土地关系、土地买卖,以及对商业、商人的研究也不断推进。秉承傅衣凌先生注重搜集民间资料、重视社会调查的治学之风,     

桂林博物馆藏桂北地区民间契约文书简述

契约文书的地域性特点明显,桂北地区民间现存契约文书数量宏大,内容丰富,具有较高的史料价值.桂林博物馆近年来对桂北地区民间契约文书的收集初见成效.本文简要介绍桂北地区民间契约文书的收集、保护及整理并以土地买卖文书、分关文书和过继文书为例对桂林博物馆收集的桂北地区民间契约文书进行举例.     

浅谈清代山西契约文书的学术价值

契约文书作为我国民间社会的法律文件和私家档案,它是国家政治、经济、法律制度在基层社会运作的直接反映,可补政书、典章、史志和其他公私文献的缺憾。近几年,山西大学中国社会史研究中心搜集到了清代山西5067件契约文书。这些契约文书种类齐全、内容丰富,主要囊括了卖契、典契、委托书、遗嘱、赡养文书、纠纷合同、分产文书、布告、归并地约、公议文约等类型。它们从时间跨度上来说,贯穿整个清代直至民国;就地区分布来说,遍布晋南、晋北、晋中、晋西、晋东南各个地区。这些契约文书细致地反映了清代山西民间社会生活的真实面貌,被誉为山西的"民间正史"。由此可见,清代山西契约文书具有极高的学术价值。     

民间文书整理与研究中的数字人文方法与文献学本位

<正>2010年以来,上海交通大学地方文献中心一直致力于民间文书的收集、整理与研究。我们的整理方法与研究思路,以诸多学界前贤的典范工作为基础。傅衣凌等前辈学者利用土地契约分析乡村社会,一直是我们从事民间文书收集与研究的兴趣缘起与典范(曹树基《石仓契约的发现、搜集与整理》,《石仓契约》第1辑,"代序",     

"历史碎片"啄探--江西民间契约文书考察

民间契约文书包括民间契约和其他民间文书,可大致分为三类:(一)民事交往及经济交易中所订立的各式契约;(二)与各式契约活动相关的、民间收执的各类票据书证之类;(三)族谱、诉讼状、碑铭和家书之类的各类民间私撰文书。民间契约文书细致地反映了历史上民间生活的真实面貌,是官修“正史”之外的珍贵的“民间正史”。20世纪中期以来,其价值日益受到国内外人文学界的重视。江西民间契约文书存世数量较大,文书种类齐全,内涵丰富,真实、细致地体现了江西的地域特色和历史特点,是一座丰厚的学术资源宝库,具有重要的发掘价值。     

“云南省博物馆馆藏契约文书整理汇编”记

自近代以来,我国许多地区都有契约文书资料相继发现,特别是近30年来对新发现契约文书的整理汇编成果纷纷问世后,作为重要的区域资料、民间社会生活的真实记录和专业文档,每一批契约文书的发现和整理出版,都极大地推动了当地历史与社会的研究,不断充实和丰富着中国历史的整体面貌。     

束鹿县张氏家族契约文书述略

土地契约是历代民间重要的文书,柬鹿县张氏家族保存有契约文书120余张,历明末崇祯年间至 中华人民共和国建立前夕,时间跨越300余年。契约文书中有买卖房地的地契、典当房地的典契以及分家析产的 分单、日常生活来往账簿等,几乎涉及民间经济生活的各个方面,是反映华北农村经济生活的珍贵原始文献,有 着重要的文物、史料价值。笔者对这些契约文书进行了初步的梳理。     

近三十年清代契约文书的刊布与研究综述

清代契约文书一直以来备受学术界关注。契约文书是指订立发生一定权力义务关系的协议而写成的文书,诸如合同、协议书等。在古代,契约关系是民间日常生活中比较重要的关系之一,诸多事务需要通过立定契约的形式得以确定。现存的清代契约种类很多,有买卖契约、     

《徽州千年契约文书》契名考校

由中国社会科学院历史研究所收藏整理、王钰欣和周绍泉先生主编的<徽州千年契约文书>为徽学界提供了大量珍贵的历史文献资料,实属功德无量,然而由于种种客观原因,王、周二位先生整理契约文书的过程中,在立契人姓名、立契时间、契约内容等方面仍有些讹误和不足之处.本文对这些错误和不足进行逐一考校.恢复徽州契约文书的本来面貌,为徽学研究提供精确的文本.     

华侨华人民间文献多重价值初探

论文对华侨华人民间文献的定义、种类、特点、价值等方面做了初步的探讨。认为华侨华人民间文献是中国历史文献的重要组成部分,具有世界性、多样性、分散性和延续性的特点,并具有历史凭证价值、学术研究价值、思想教育价值和文化传承等多重研究和利用价值。目前除了侨批、侨乡族谱、公馆档案等进行了有序的收集整理外,绝大多数的华侨华人民间文献散落在私人或非官方组织手上。对华侨华人民间文献进行系统的收集整理和开发利用十分必要。     

Network Location and Policy‐Oriented Behavior: An Analysis of Two‐Mode Networks of Coauthored Documents Concerning Climate Change in the Great Lakes Region*,†

This study explores how a scientist's location in science‐based policy networks can affect her policy‐oriented behaviors. In particular, we hypothesize that those scientists who fill structural holes in their networks will be more likely than others to engage in policy‐oriented behaviors. The network data are defined by scientists' coauthorship on policy documents regarding climate change in the Great Lakes. We employ a two‐mode network analysis to identify clusters of scientists who coauthored similar documents, and relative to those clusters, we identify those who fill structural holes by bridging between clusters. We find that those scientists who bridged between clusters were more likely to engage in policy‐oriented behaviors of policy advocacy and advising than were others in the network. This is an example of a link between network location and policy‐oriented behavior indicative of the broader phenomenon of how individuals exert agency, given structural constraints.     

One thousand years of historical relics: the Huizhou Documents

The Huizhou Documents are a precious repository of historical memory and they have gradually been collected since 1946. This archive dates from the Southern Song period to 1949, and its content is distinguished by its continuity, specificity, accuracy, and representative nature, all of which make these documents extremely enlightening for scholars. Systematically collecting, organizing, categorizing, and utilizing these documents has not only given birth to a new field, Huizhou Studies, but has also provided valuable material in support of research on politics, the economy, law, education, and the civil examination system in late imperial China.     

The Merovingian accounting documents of Tours: form and function

A little fewer than thirty Merovingian accounting documents which originated from the Abbey of St Martin of Tours, though fragmentary, provide for the historians of early medieval Europe an unexpected tool with which the latter could cast a new light over actual conditions in tribute collection and the management system for the fiscal administration of the abbey. The present article asks some basic questions about these accounting documents in the hope of casting further light on their form and function: which form did take the documents while they had been used for the collection of dues? At which stage of collecting procedure they served in the abbey as a tool for the keeping of records? When was each document prepared? In which historical context could be placed the birth of fiscal document of the abbey? All of these question are important for an understanding of the history of St Martin's of Tours and of the use of documents in general in the Merovingian era.     

John Robinson's ‘State’ for the General Election of 1774

This note prints two documents of the 1774 general election compiled by John Robinson, secretary to the treasury. One is a list of the old house of commons in the summer of 1774, prior to its dissolution. MPs are listed, from the government standpoint, as Pro, Hopeful, Doubtful and Con. The other document is a list of the constituencies with the same political designations for MPs, both for the existing house of commons and the expected new House: no names are given for actual or prospective MPs. The election saw an unusually large number of contests, with 183 seats at stake in 102 constituencies, a higher total than has hitherto been known.     

战国楚简公文书人名记写形式论议——兼与秦简记名的比较

战国楚、秦简公文书在人名记写上都表现出某些一般性的规律。《包山楚简》公文书人名记写包括某地之人+姓名、某人之人+姓名、某官+姓名、某族+名、某人之子+名、某人之奴、某王之+名、某客+姓名、单称官职、单称封号诸种形式。不同的记名方式区分了个体,同时进行了社会分类。楚简公文人名记写有省略情形,包括省略属地信息、省略姓氏、案件审理者自署名的省略和无规律省略。楚简中还有提示人名的符号。楚简公文记名对多数人都记姓和名,秦简则多记名而不称姓,只在特殊情况下另外加姓作为补充。楚简人名记写习惯可能承自周人制度,与秦简相比,更有利于达到识别个体的目的,以及保证公文作为行政工具的效率。     

当代中国史研究中的文献史料问题

当代中国史研究需要搜集、整理、考证和利用文献史料。搜集史料要求“全”,整理史料要求“实”,考证史料要求“真”,利用史料要求“准”,这些直接关系到所出研究成果的科学水平和学术质量。当代中国史文献史料类型多种,既包括有关的文件和档案、文集和文稿、报纸和新闻稿、定期刊物、纪实和回忆、资料汇编,又涉及地方史志、史学史料、国外资料、批判研究资料。就此文献史料进行马克思主义的历史考察和具体分析,可加深对其真实性、政治性和现实性的认识。建国后,学术界十分重视当代中国史文献史料工作:搜集相当广泛,整理比较系统,考证多有创新,利用成效显著。倘能对此丰富实践继续给予理论上的总结,无论对于当代中国史文献史料学的学科建设,乃至当代中国史研究的深入和发展,都具有一定的理论意义和实践价值。     

CHILDHOOD IN A NEOLIBERAL UTOPIA: PLANNING RHETORIC AND PARENTAL CONCEPTIONS IN CONTEMPORARY STOCKHOLM

This article addresses how neoliberalism as a utopian ideal of the urban affects the practices of planners and parents, drawing on Stockholm, Sweden, as an example and foregrounding how these adult conceptions of the city are manifested, both socially and physically, and shape children's geographies. Through an analysis of planning documents and interviews with planners and parents, this study shows how Stockholm's planning is clearly conditioned by neoliberal beliefs, but rather than being linked with political sympathies, neoliberalism is expressed as a contemporary urbanism. This specific urbanism is not compatible with children's independent mobility and easy access to nature and play spaces, but demands, as expressed by planners and parents, certain “sacrifices” in order to be achieved. The study shows that age is an organizing norm in terms of spatial justice in the city and that ideological beliefs about the urban development affect how this (in)justice is organized. The planning documents reflect utopian neoliberal ideas about a specific urban identity, and when private actors are given more influence over what is being built and which spaces are developed, there is a deliberate transition from welfare‐planning values and the belief that children and adults have equal rights to urban neighbourhoods. This is expressed as a necessary transformation to a more urban and globally competitive city but given the extent to which welfare values are taken for granted in Sweden it is unlikely that the effect this transition will have on social and spatial justice in the city is recognized.     

清史编纂中档案的整理和利用

档案的整理和利用是清史编纂工程的基础。目前,中国大陆约保存2000多万件清朝档案,台北故宫博物院、台北中央研究院史语所、近代史所收藏了清代档案70多万件,此外,美国国会图书馆、英国大英图书馆、日本国会图书馆、俄罗斯历史档案馆等也有约3万多件的清代档案。其中,康熙中期以前的许多档案是满、蒙文,康熙到乾隆前期有相当多的是满、汉合璧。清代的中央档案,特别是大宗的内阁题本和宫中朱批奏折是研究清代社会国计民生、庶政刑名各方面的重要原始资料。因此,清朝档案的整理和利用应贯穿于清史编纂的全过程,换言之,这一工作是清史编纂工程前期准备工作的重中之重。