《复古编》汉字训释体系研究

《复古编》汉字训释体例和训释术语在吸收前人的基础上继续创新和发展,形成了较为完备的训释体系。对《复古编》的训释体系进行研究,有助于透视古代字书训释理论与方法的精髓和真谛,为当前的字书研究提供启发和借鉴。     

古书词义训释辨正

古书词义训释辨正朱城一、舍瑟而作《论语·先进》：“鼓瑟希．铿尔,舍瑟而作。”何晏集解引孔安国传：“置瑟起对。”孔安国以“起对”释“作”．惜未加申论．、故今人对此理解不一。主要持两说：王力先生主编《古代汉语》注：“起,这里指站起来。”刘盼遂、郭预衡先生...     

古书训释札记

古书训释札记朱城靡室劳矣《诗经·卫风·氓》：“三岁为妇，靡室劳矣；夙兴夜寐，靡有朝矣。”对于“靡室劳矣”句，古今注家分歧甚大，然均有不尽如人意之处。今选取几家有代表性的说法，略加评析并试陈己见。１、郑玄笺：“靡，无也，无居室之劳，言不以妇事见困苦。”...     

《楚辞章句》重言词训释要例阐微

《楚辞章句》是成书于东汉时期的一部重要训诂作,其对《楚辞》中的大量重言词进行解释时注意运用义训法的多种体例随揭示语词的意义,不为前人的注释材料所制约;同时注意运用各种训诂术语,使释义方式日臻完美,成绩卓,为后世训诂学家所仿效。认识其重言词训释的状况,既有利于今人正确理解《楚辞的》语句,也可从中汲取研究和训释重言词的经验。     

有方训释辨正及其形制发展

古代兵器有方在传世文献的记载中有诸多不同训释。在反水攻防御战术中,这种武器兼用于近距离搏斗和挖掘河堤。根据出土材料推断,有方由短矛和锛组装而成。到了汉代,这种锛、矛结合的戟类短兵经过改造,将锛的刃口与柄平行安装,发展成为河南汉墓中出土的钺戟的形制。     

从敦煌汉简看里耶简文书词语的训释

本文通过敦煌汉简中的相关材料,运用词语互证的词义训释方法,对新出土的里耶秦简中文书简的一些词语试作训释,为这些词义的解释提供一条新的思路。文中主要运用了敦煌汉简和里耶秦简材料,通过词语互证,相互比较,辨析验证,考察了“报”、“来”、“走”、“谓”、“告”五个词语在秦简文书中的特定含义。     

《史记》语词训释举正

《史记》名篇,脍炙人口,而注家对其语词之训释,仍有可商榷者。今取五例（《孙子列传》中一例实含三例,故实有七例）,缀成一篇以俟教。为便查核,标以中华书局点校本之页码。所引旧注与后人新注间加○号,以清眉目。为与近年笔者所发表同类论文笔调一致,采用浅近文言。     

《原本玉篇残卷》征引《说文·言部》训释辑校（一）

《原本玉篇残卷》即南朝梁陈问顾野王所撰《玉篇》的唐写本,其征引《说》训释颇多,是研究《说》古本、校勘今传大小徐本的重要资料之一。但这些资料尚未得到比较细致的整理。今辑《言部》训释若干,并随偶作校勘,希望能为治《说》提供些许方便。     

《论语译注》词语训释札记

杨伯峻先生的《论语译注》发行以来,海内瞩目.杨先生这部著作,连同他的《孟子译注》、《春秋左传注》等,雅俗共赏,不唯一般读者争阅,即使是学术水平较高的读者,也无不交口称赞.杨先生在著中所显示出的校勘、注释和翻译水平,令人叹为观止.无疑、杨先生的这几部著作已被视为古籍整理界的颗颗璀灿的明珠.在词语训释方面,杨先生的《论语译注》中不乏高见,但也有欠妥之处.今仅就学习所得,撮录一二,略陈陋见,名曰《札记》.不妥之处,请杨先生和读者指教.     

同义复合词的训释

同义复合词,是指由意义相同或相近的单音词为词根构成的并列式合成词,如资财、灾害、战斗、治理等。同义复合词是双音词,而且根词间多有互训、同训关系。如“辽远”,《说文》:“辽,远也。”又“远,辽也。”;“恭敬”,《说文》:“恭,肃也”。又“敬,肃也。”同义复合词不可分训,分训则失其旨意。同义复合词中也有虚词。顾炎武《日知录》卷24指出:“古经中亦有重言之者。《书》‘自朝至于日中是,不遑暇食’,‘遑’即‘暇’也。” “《左传》‘一薰一蕕,十年尚犹有臭’,‘尚’即‘犹’也。”所举“遑暇”和“尚犹”就是同义复合的虚词。训诂家又称同义复合词为重     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Garibaldi and Mazzini: thought and action

Abstract

The relationship between Mazzini and Garibaldi is described in its ideological roots and in its political developments, in order to show their different attitude towards the Italian unification. Although their first misunderstanding happened during the Roman Republic in 1849, Mazzini's influence is still strong in the organization and in the success of the liberation of Two Sicilies in 1860, particularly through Francesco Crispi. The final personal break was caused by the unlucky experience of the Mentana expedition (1867), when Garibaldi failed to free Rome. Fundamental ideas as democracy, republic, social justice, humanity and universal brotherhood have been however always common to them. The two protagonists of Risorgimento never intended accepting the role to which their fateful encounter prompted them – the one to provide the brawn and the other the brains for Italy's liberation. Just as Mazzini never renounced involving himself in the operational decisions of the movement, Garibaldi never gave up his own way of thinking and looking at things.     

千泉、白水城和恭御城考辨

根据汉籍史料和阿拉伯地理文献,区分了中外史料记述的不同,考辨了千泉、白水城和恭御城的方位。玄奘所言"千泉",当在今哈萨克斯坦的梅尔克;玄奘所言千泉与阿拉伯地理学家所记之千泉,并非指称同一地方。玄奘所记白水城与阿拉伯地理学家所记之白水城(Isfijab)不能相等同;玄奘所记"白水",似应"泉"字之讹,即为阿拉伯地理学家所记之千泉(Abarjaj);而玄奘所记"恭御城"是阿拉伯地理学家所记之白水城。     

原真性与完整性:质疑、新知与启示

在世界遗产理论发展路程中,对遗产原真性及完整性的质疑和思考是推动理论不断丰富完善的一股重要动力。完整性适用于所有遗产地,整体保护政策正是对完整性这一命题的呼应和阐释。对遗产原真性的质疑主要表现在非物质文化遗产方面,特别是活态遗产,现在遗产界已经越来越认识到非物质遗产不能简单套用物质遗产的原真性,非物质文化遗产环境的原真性要素也可以表现为一种"演进中的原真性"。因质疑而思考,进而获得新知。这一途径启示我们,应以一种开放性的、持续完善的思维和态度来对待遗产事业。     

Geography and psychoanalysis: Tensions and possibilities

I am concerned in this paper with the diversity of psychoanalysis, a feature of the discipline which we can connect with diasporas and the re-working of ideas in different locales. I try to demonstrate how experience and environment have contributed to the development of psychoanalysis. Key to the production of knowledge are the journeys of theorists, practitioners and ideas. Following Liz Bondi, I stress the importance of acknowledging the connection between experience, theory and practice in our own work. I suggest that geographers can follow those psychoanalysts who have moved from the clinic to broader political projects but that they should engage with recent critical research in psychoanalysis if a dialogue is to develop.     

Plasticity and the Future of Philosophy and Theology

Abstract

This article develops a theoretical and political critique of the contemporary notion of the deconstruction of Christianity, primarily in the later work of Jacques Derrida and Jean-Luc Nancy. The deconstruction of Christianity relies upon an understanding of temporality and messianicity derived from Heidegger and Benjamin, and we challenge this privileging of messianism in contemporary philosophy and theology. Messianism is contrasted with plasticity, and plasticity is shown to have resources to overcome the impasses of contemporary thought in a counter-messianic way. To oppose messianism is not to oppose theological thinking, but to open a creative and productive political space for a radical theological and philosophical reflection.     

Gender and Language in Ethnographic and Evolutionary Perspectives

Much research in the field of language and gender has been hampered by unquestioned a priori dualistic assumptions about contrasting gender roles for men and women. The works reviewed here all demonstrate that simplistic dualistic beliefs about what are typical male or female ways of speaking do not hold water. The variables that determine speech styles are complex and mutually interactive: place of residence, class, formality, age, and gender, and others. Women are just as capable of directive speech as men, and men, of hedged speech. Dualistic thinking about gender serves only to reinforce current hegemonies.     

Reproducing,transforming and contesting gender relations and identities through migration and transnational ties

This article contributes to conceptual debates on gender transformations in the context of migration and transnationalism. We do so by discussing developments in gender relations and identities among Polish post-accession migrants in Norway; analysing the intersections of continuities and changes, relationally, as these are produced spatially and temporally. We draw on ethnographic data collected among Polish migrants in the Norwegian cities Oslo and Bergen (2009–2012). Our focus on continuity and change in gender relations and identities, in the context of migration and transnationalism, stems from a realization that migration often leads to assumptions of either radical change, or conservative continuity. Meanwhile through an analytical lens sensitive to relationality and socio-spatial circumstances, we find friction, disagreement, as well as negotiation and resolution, and we argue for the variety of ways in which continuity and change may run parallel, reflective of variations in transnational habitus produced in relation to social class. We pay attention to locations and scales, as salient for how gender relations and identities are reproduced, transformed or contested. The flexible continuum we find reveals diverse strategies of coping with migratory situations, as well as complex interplay between migrants’ agency, existing structures and engendered understandings.     

Dictatorships and Revolutions in Portugal and Chile: Ethnography,Memory and Invisibilities

This article discusses the relation between ethnography and underexposure of memory. Displaying similar characteristics, the ethnographies we developed in Portugal and Chile dealt precisely with this thematic in different chronological periods. We are going to point out our fieldwork convergences, specifically in what concerns the data recollection process.     

Borders and belongings in Nordic feminisms and beyond

Abstract

Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with feminist grassroots groups and women’s organizations in a Nordic context, this article aims to explore how feminist enactments shape multiple layers of spatiality and belonging. I analyse autoethnographic reflections from two feminist events, both taking place in Malmö in June 2014. Rather than understanding Nordic feminisms as a stable object, I follow in this article the initiative of decolonial scholars to analyze how feminist communities are shaped by affects, enactments and inhabitations which both ‘speak back’ to located conditions and transgress beyond them. I use phenomenology in my engagement with the material and employ a palimpsestic reading mode to trace the multi-layered constructions of spatiality and belonging in feminist performances, identifications and affiliations. As affective value shaped the effects of surfaces or borders of bodies and spaces, theorizations on affect helped me to grasp how complex forms of belonging became entwined with particular performances of geography and history.