比德聚精 质美艺精 明晚期直生（尤侃）款犀角镂空仙人乘槎杯赏析

我国作为《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》签字国,从1993年起,国家禁止犀牛角贸易,并取消了犀牛角药用标准,对出售、收购、运输、携带和邮寄犀牛角的行为都要依法查处。在外部环境制约和犀角本身名贵身价双重刺激下,     

犀角雕琢艺术赏析

我国早在《汉书》“南越王赵陀献文帝犀角十”、《汉书·平帝纪》“二年春,黄支国献犀牛”中已有犀牛角的记载。现存最早的犀牛造型是东汉的错金银青铜器（中国国家博物馆减）（图1）,还有大清乾隆年制的仿生瓷器（图2）,在跨越历史1600年之后,两件非常相似,栩栩如生的犀牛造型,让我们见证了中国原有的犀牛是双角形、前角长后角短的亚洲苏门答腊犀。     

走进陇戛--长角苗的村寨

能干的女人们 汽车到达六枝县的梭戛乡,陇戛寨距此地还有大约七公里的山路.穿过了乡场便开始垂直爬山,只见满山尖石林立,泥土很少,昔日的密林深箐已经很少见,石漠化的程度惊人.     

Environmental influences on pastoral conflict in the Horn of Africa

This paper seeks to discern the influence of environmental variability on pastoral conflict in the Horn of Africa. While the literature on environmental factors in civil wars is rich in empirical research and explanatory power, the dearth of data is an obstacle to the study of other important forms of violence such as pastoral conflict. If environmental factors are associated with pastoral conflict then what are they, and can they be used as early warning indicators to prevent its escalation or mitigate its effects? These questions are increasingly important given the expected impact of climate change on pastoral societies worldwide. To help answer these questions we draw on data collected by field monitors with the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development's (IGAD) Conflict Early Warning and Response Network (CEWARN) and environmental data for the same region. Field monitors collect incident and situation reports from more than two dozen areas of reporting along the borders of Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda collectively known at the Karamoja Cluster. We compare these conflict data with three environmental indicators: precipitation, vegetation and forage. Preliminary statistical analyses of the data suggest that aggravating behavior, along with a reduction in peace initiatives and reciprocal exchanges, is associated with an escalation in pastoral conflict, particularly when coupled with an increase in vegetation that may provide cover for organized raids. We therefore recommend that conflict early warning systems integrate both response options and salient environmental indicators into their analyses to better deal with the complexity of the relationships between pastoral conflict and the environment in an era of climate change.     

On Weapons and Armour Formed of Horn

Abstract

Excavations in 1975 and 1976 at a Republican healing-sanctuary, situated on the Via Praenestina, nine Roman miles to the east of Rome, yielded more than eight thousand terracotta ex-votos. The great majority represented parts of the body. Quantitative and medical studies suggest that the sanctuary specialised particularly in the cure of foot and hand injuries, and in the main served a rural population. Some other sanctuaries also appear to have had their areas of medical specialisation. The origins of the practice of dedicating votives in Italy are examined, as is the apparent demise of the cult in the second to first centuries B.C.     

The Upper Pleistocene and early Holocene prehistory of the Horn of Africa

The last major synthesis of the Upper Pleistocene and early Holocene prehistory of the Horn was published over thirty years ago. This paper therefore attempts critically to review the current state of knowledge and research pertaining to Middle Stone Age and Later Stone Age hunter/gatherer culture history and adaptation in the region that now encompasses Somalia, Ethiopia and Djibouti. Although the archaeological record still suffers from major gaps in information, chronometric analyses as well as subsistence, settlement and other behavioural data from stratified excavated sites have begun to reveal the Horn's potential for providing important contributions to understanding late Quaternary hunter/gatherer cultural development.

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Résumé Plus de trente ans se sont écoulés depuis la parution de la dernière grande synthèse sur la préhistoire de la Corne de l'Afrique au Pléistocène Supérieur et au début de l'Holocène. Cet article essaie donc de passer en revue de façon critique l'état actuel des connaissances et la recherche sur l'histoire culturelle et sur l'adaptation Middle Stone Age et Later Stone Age dans la région qui comprend la Somalie, l'Ethiopie et le Djibouti. Bien que les documents archéologiques souffrent encore de lacunes majeures en ce qui concerne les informations, les analyses chronométriques et les moyens de subsistance, des données sur les habitations et sur d'autres aspects du comportement obtenus de gisements stratifiés fouillés ont commencé à dévoiler que la Corne pourra éventuellement fournir des contributions importantes à notre compréhension du développement culturel des chasseurs-cueilleurs du Quaternaire final.

     

云南羊角编钟初探

羊角编钟是一种古代乐器,春秋至西汉流行于云南、广西等地。从云南出土的羊角编钟计21件,可分为三型,其中最古老者为楚雄万家坝M1号墓出土的羊角编钟,楚雄也可能是羊角编钟的发源地。经过测音发现,羊角编钟可与铜鼓合奏,也可与环钮编钟合奏,此外也可用于独奏。其族属可能为濮人,也可能为越人。     

说犀角杯:一种东西文化交流的文物见证

西安何家村唐代窖藏出土所谓"玛瑙兽首杯"的文物学研究,应当参考历代有关"犀角杯"、"犀杯"的诸多文化遗存."犀杯",曾经长期作为应用颇为广泛的饮器.这一现象,很可能与古人相信犀角可以验毒、辟毒的意识有关."犀杯"又是东西文化交流的物证.日本和韩国出土的相关器物,值得我们注意.何家村与"玛瑙兽首杯"同出的2件所谓"玛瑙长杯",可以参考《国朝宫史》"犀杯一,犀捧二"的器用组合,推知与"犀捧"有关.     

沈阳故宫藏牙角器赏析

沈阳故宫藏有明代犀角雕玉兰花杯、犀角镂雕梅花杯、清代染角透雕人物船、兽骨镂空花翎折扇、牙雕巧工葫芦、牙雕草蝶形盘、贝浮雕鱼等精美的雕刻艺术品。当这些雕刻艺术与清官的陈设品相结合之后,它的辉煌又在木质光华中闪耀。     

Early Evidence for Domestic Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in the Horn of Africa

Domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus L. 1758) are one of the most valued farm animals in the world today. Chickens are widespread and economically and socially significant in Africa. Despite their importance, little is known about the nature of their introduction and subsequent integration into African economies. One reason for this is the morphological similarity of domestic chickens to wild galliform birds in Africa such as guineafowl and francolin. Here, we present direct dates and morphological evidence for domestic chickens recovered from Mezber, a pre‐Aksumite (>800–450 BCE) rural farming settlement in northern Ethiopia. Key morphological markers differentiated these domestic chickens from francolins. The Mezber direct chicken element accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates of cal 820–595 BCE and indirect/charcoal AMS dates of cal 921–801 BCE constitute the earliest osteological evidence for chickens in Africa. Chicken bones in the domestic food waste of an early rural settlement at Mezber and their presence in later Aksumite urban contexts show that chickens were integrated into diverse Ethiopian highland settings. The Mezber specimens predate the earliest known Egyptian chickens by at least 550 years and draw attention to early exotic faunal exchanges in the Horn of Africa during the early first millennium BCE. These findings support previous archaeological, genetics and linguistic data that suggest maritime exchange networks with South Arabia through ports along the African Red Sea coast constitute one possible early route of introduction of chickens to Africa. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

济南市博物馆藏竹木牙雕鉴赏

在数千年的历史长河中,聪明智慧的中国先民创造了光辉灿烂的文明,同时也为我们留下了丰富的物质文化遗产。中国人很早便开始利用自然界生长的竹、木和动物的骨、牙、角制造生产工具、生活用品和美化生活的装饰品,并在长期的生产实践中不断改进创新制造工艺,逐渐形成了多姿多彩且富有民族风格的艺术门类。     

Identification of Suspected Horn from the Queen Anne's Revenge (1718), North Carolina,USA

Infrared spectroscopy can be a valuable tool for conservators and archaeologists to help identify archaeological artefacts. We present a case‐study on the identification of an artefact recovered by North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources (NCDCR) Underwater Archaeology Branch from an early‐18th‐century shipwreck (31CR314). The wreck is assumed to be the remains of Queen Anne's Revenge, which sank off the North Carolina coast in 1718. A sample of the artefact was analysed by infrared spectroscopy to identify it. Prior to spectroscopic analysis it was speculated that the sample could be animal horn or leather. © 2011 The Authors     

NGOs,Disaster Relief and Asset Transfer in the Horn: Political Survival in a Permanent Emergency

Famines have winners and losers. Conventional analysis has concentrated on the losers: what has been neglected is that famines can result from the conscious exercise of power in pursuit of gain or advantage by the politically strong. This article is an attempt to analyse the process of political survival in the context of permanent emergency. Through examples of local asset transfer, and indicating how this process articulates with a wider regional parallel economy, the paper offers an analysis of political survival in the arc of crisis that runs from Sudan through southern Ethiopia to Somalia. The role of donors and NGOs is examined in terms of how they relate to the weak and the strong within the asset transfer economy. Donors are seen to have supported the strong whilst the position of NGOs is more contradictory. Although programme measures to protect assets have been developed, and the disjuncture between the rules of sovereignty and the protection of human rights has been highlighted, these measures have essentially failed. A review of trends since the end of the Cold War suggests that the chances of preventing the further consolidation of a transfer economy within the region are negligible. The position of those who gain from such a destructive se the process of political survival in the context of permanent emergency. Through examples of local asset transfer, and indicating how this process articulates with a wider regional parallel economy, the paper offers an analysis of political survival in the arc of crisis that runs from Sudan through southern Ethiopia to Somalia. The role of donors and NGOs is examined in terms of how they relate to the weak and the strong within the asset transfer economy. Donors are seen to have supported the strong whilst the position of NGOs is more contradictory. Although programme measures to protect assets have been developed, and the disjuncture between the rules of sovereignty and the protection of human rights has been highlighted, these measures have essentially failed. A review of trends since the end of the Cold War suggests that the chances of preventing the further consolidation of a transfer economy within the region are negligible. The position of those who gain from such a destructive process seems assured.     

New insights on the first Neolithic societies in the Horn of Africa: The site of Wakrita,Djibouti

Abstract

The site of Wakrita is a small Neolithic establishment located on a wadi in the tectonic depression of Gobaad in Djibouti in the Horn of Africa. The 2005 excavations yielded abundant ceramics that enabled us to define one Neolithic cultural facies of this region, which was also identified at the nearby site of Asa Koma. The faunal remains confirm the importance of fishing in Neolithic settlements close to Lake Abbé, but also the importance of bovine husbandry and, for the first time in this area, evidence for caprine herding practices. Radiocarbon dating places this occupation at the beginning of the 2nd millennium b.c., similar in range to Asa Koma. These two sites represent the oldest evidence of herding in the region, and they provide a better understanding of the development of Neolithic societies in this region.