The Medieval Manor of Penhallam,Jacobstow, Cornwall

THE remains of the medieval manor of Penhallam lie in a sheltered valley in the parish of Jacobstow, some 3 miles from the sea. It was one of the principal houses of the Cardinham family who held, under the king, the largest seignory in the county of Cornwall. Extensive excavation between the years 1968 and 1973 revealed substantial remains of a sophisticated manor house, standing within an earlier ring-work. The stone-built house was constructed in four periods during the late 12th and early 13th centuries. It was deserted in the middle of the 14th century and was gradually demolished. Mo remains of the buildings were visible above ground at the time of the commencement of the excavation. The site, now known as Berry Court, takes the name of a small homestead of probable 16th-century origin, standing on the outer edge of the moat.

There was no visible trace of the hall associated with the early Norman ring-work, but its existence is attested by the subsequent development of the site. Excavation revealed that there were stone buildings standing on the four sides of a courtyard. They comprised a hall, camera, chapel, service rooms, lodgings and a gatehouse. From these remains it was possible to obtain much information about the construction and development of a medieval manor house in the 12th and 13th centuries. Excavation of the 13th-century gatehouse and drawbridge well revealed the construction, assembly and operation of a counter-balanced bridge.

The excavation finds, attributed to the 13th and early 14th centuries, have been presented to the Royal Institution of Cornwall at Truro.     

《小莲庄》砚边随想

小莲庄印象 小莲庄与闻名遐迩的嘉业堂藏书楼毗邻,两处皆为刘氏家业。庄园由刘氏义庄、家庙、园林三部分组成。造园特点有三,一是园有内外之别,二是廊亭别出心裁,三是建筑中西合璧。     

论中世纪英格兰庄园的运输役

中世纪英格兰运输役起源于庄园领主的物资供应需求,随着12、13世纪市场的激增以及运输条件的改善,市场型运输役逐渐普及。运输役一般由农民上层承担,其运输距离、目的地、运输种类等都受习俗制约。运输役衰落的原因主要有直营领地的衰落、运输的专职化以及私下交易的流行。运输役的兴衰与中世纪英格兰市场培育密切相关,是市场已有一定发育但还不太成熟的产物。     

The Structure of the Timber Kitchen at Weoley Castle,Birmingham

A CEMETERY uncovered during roadworks at High Wycombe in ig86 confirmed the location of the medieval hospital of St Margaret. Examination of the skeletal remains suggests that several of the individuals excavated had suffered from leprosy.     

Changes of the Pariha Manor

The Parhla Manor, whichbelonged to a noble in oldTibet, has experienced enor-Democratic Reform in 1959.Pharla Clan In 1618 Tibetan King Garma Dun-join Wangbo allied with the 10thGarmaba Yindo and overthrew thePagmo Zhuba Regime. Garma Dunjoinstyled himself Tsangdui Khan andfounded the Garma Gagyu Regime. Inorder to better rule Bhutan, he sent sev-eral lamas with a monastery belongingto the Gagyu Sect to a monastery called     

甲玛赤康：从甲玛万户到封建贵族庄园

上世纪50年代的拉萨,雅鲁藏布江、拉萨河、年楚河两岸曾经存在着数千座大大小小的贵族庄园,可是由于各种原因,这些曾经无比繁华和奢华的贵族庄园,在半个世纪甚至更短的时间内消失了,绝大部分没有留下一点痕迹。     

Excavations on the Site of the Tudor Manor House at Micheldever,Hampshire

Abstract

Trial excavations prior to building development on the site of Thomas Wriothesley’s important manor house built about 1537 suggest a continuous succession of large houses on the site from the 14th century to the 18th. The earliest structures may represent a country retreat for the Abbots of Hyde.     

钟鸣鼎食帝王奢华

清代的筵宴既有沿袭历代的规制,又具有自己的特色。存宫廷筵宴方面,制定的制度主要有建宴的名称、等级、地点、承筵机构、座次、桌张觇格、进餐程序等等,使清代筵宴成为重要的内容之一。清代是我国最后一个封建王朝,封建政治及经济的发展,促进了饮食文化的繁荣,宫廷饮食精于美食美器,处处体现了豪华与至尊。清代不提倡酗酒,一般是酒过三巡。乐止,皇帝退席,缝宴就结束了。     

Story of the Kitchen God

Ｓｔｏｒｙ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　Ｋｉｔｃｈｅｎ　ＧｏｄＳｔｏｒｙｏｆｔｈｅＫｉｔｃｈｅｎＧｏｄ￥ＬＨＡＭＯＴｈｅｋｉｔｃｈｅｎｉｎｌａｉｄｗｉｔｈｃｏｎｃｈｓｉｎｔｈｅＧｅｒａｂＧｏｎｇｂａＮｕｎｎｅｒｙ．ＧｏｄｓａｒｅａｌｌｐｅｒｖａｓｉｖｅｉｎＴｉｂｅ...     

论中世纪英国庄园农奴的主体权利

在中世纪英国社会,庄园农奴拥有一种原始的个人权利,即主体权利.这种权利体现于英国中世纪多元社会结构中存在的原始契约之内,又在独特的法律制度下得到保护和发展.这种主体权利观念对英国社会的进步具有重大影响.     

The Future Preservation of a Permanently Frozen Kitchen Midden in Western Greenland

Abstract

Archaeological materials may be extraordinarily well preserved in Arctic areas, where permanently frozen conditions in the ground slow down the decay of materials such as wood, bone, ?esh, hair, and DNA. However, the mean annual air temperature in the Arctic is expected to increase by between 2·5 to 7·5°C by the end of the twenty-?rst century. This may have a signi?cant warming effect on the soil and could lead to permafrost thaw and degradation of currently frozen archaeological remains. Here we present a four-year monitoring and research project taking place at Qajaa in the Disko Bay area in West Greenland. Qajaa is a large kitchen midden, containing frozen remains from 4000 years of inhabitation, from when the ?rst Palaeo-Eskimos entered Greenland, until the site was abandoned in the eighteenth century. The purpose of the project is to investigate current preservation conditions through ?eld and laboratory measurements and to evaluate possible threats to the future preservation.

Preliminary results show that the archaeological material at Qajaa is still very well preserved, but some microbial decay is observed in the exposed wooden artefacts that thaw every summer. Maximum temperatures are above 0°C in the upper 40–50 cm of the midden and between 0 and ?2°C down to 3 m depth. Thereby the permafrost may be vulnerable to quite small increases in air temperatures. Laboratory measurements show that the decay of the archaeological wood in the midden is temperature-dependent, with rates increasing 11–12% every time the soil temperature increases 1°C. Moreover, the soil organic material produces heat when decomposed, which could have an additional warming effect on the midden. At the moment the water or ice content within the midden is high, limiting the subsurface oxygen availability. Threats to the future preservation are related to further thawing followed by drainage, increased oxygen availability, microbial decay of the organic material, and heat production.