关于中国稻作起源证据的讨论与商榷

本文是对傅稻镰等人最近的文章批评中国栽培水稻起源研究缺乏证据、提出长江下游水稻栽培开始于公元前4000年这一观点一文的回应。我们首先考察中国从野生稻采集到水稻栽培过程研究的相关文献．进而从水稻形态学和考古学的角度对早期水稻遗存加以研究。讨论集中在以下三个方面：长江流域最早水稻栽培的时间：长江下游和淮河流域初期栽培水稻的遗存;考古遗存所见水稻粒形态大小变化的意义。我们也考察了傅文用来区分野生水稻和栽培水稻的几个标准：考古纪录中所见的未成熟稻遗存、水稻粒的增大和水稻粒的形态。根据已经发表的资料和我们对水稻的研究,我们认为到全新世早期（距今9000年前后）,南北中国的新石器时代居民就可能已经收获野生稻并开始水稻栽培了。     

Chatsworth Street Cutting,Part of the Original Terminus of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway

Abstract

Recent surveys of textile mills in Yorkshire, Greater Manchester and East Cheshire have laid the groundwork for future study in their respective areas. All three have necessarily referred back to precedents set in eighteenth century Derbyshire, where water power was first successfully applied to the manufacture of both silk and cotton. Derbyshire retains an important group of early cotton mills, most of them distributed along the River Derwent and its tributaries. Recent measured surveys of five of the most significant early mills and of a number of related sites by RCHME's Threatened Buildings Sections, supplemented by photographic coverage of further sites over many years, have provided a core of information on which the present article is largely based. The article concentrates on the surviving physical remains of the cotton industry, but draws also on documentary and other evidence for vanished structures.     

The Number, Extent and Distribution of the Vitreous Materials Workshops at Amarna

Excavations at Amarna, the late 18th Dynasty capital of Akhenaten, undertaken at the end of the last century and early in this century, uncovered several parts of the city where major areas of habitation coincide with manufacturing sites. This paper presents the results of an in-depth study of the published reports and unpublished excavation day books for the 1200 individual houses so far registered at Amarna carried out by the author. This study led to the recognition of eight further high concentrations of manufacturing debris also thought to be areas of manufacturing activity for the production of vitreous materials. Comparison of these eight sites has shown how closely the manufacture of vitreous materials was associated and inter-related with other manufacturing industries, including pottery making, the working of precious metals and sculpture in stone and plaster for composite statues. In all of these sites the focus seems to be on the finished object, rather than the material being manipulated. The craftsmen therefore seem to be better described as 'jewellers', 'statue-makers' and 'vessel-makers' than 'glass-workers', 'stone sculptors' and 'precious-metal workers', having the skills needed in all the media to produce the finished object 'in house'.     

The Inconsistent City,Participatory Planning,and the Part of No Part in Recife,Brazil

This article engages with the trajectory of urban participation in Recife, Brazil, from its start as a governance system aimed at ensuring the right of the poor to the city, to the introduction by the Workers’ Party of participatory budgeting. I argue that participation is used by the state in order to include populations within governmental structures while the poor struggle for the right to belong to the city. Drawing on Alain Badiou's ontology of multiplicity I contend that the urban situation is grounded in inconsistency, as manifested in the existence of a category of people who “sit at the edge of the void”, that neither is included nor belongs. I conclude that the popular mobilizations in Recife in the 1980s constituted a true emancipatory event that exposed the divisions of the city, the existence of a fundamental wrong, and that proclaimed the right of the excluded to the city.     

Platforms,Markets, and Contingent Calculation: The Flexible Arrangement of the Delivered Meal

UK online food delivery company Deliveroo has a platform that automates the coordination of meal delivery, creating a market for the delivered meal. This market indicates the necessity to examine the social arrangements produced through the platform beyond the labour of the delivery worker. Markets comprise heterogeneous actors that require their coordination to be calculated. Deliveroo, though, offers two competing views of markets. First, as interfaces in which supply and demand are represented as autonomous blocs that are articulated through the goods of the delivered meal whose constitution, including the labour of delivery, is black-boxed. Second, as agencement—formatting collective arrangements—in which the goods of the delivered meal are contingently calculated as a flexible arrangement of riders, restaurants and customers whereby these actors have differing degrees of choice concerning their participation, and through which new service performances are emerging in the necessity for their contingent interaction.     

唐诗所见唐代铜镜的流通及与考古资料的印证

铜镜是观容照貌的用具,是古代人们生活中必不可少的物品.在唐代,即使是极为贫穷的家庭,也会拥有一面铜镜[1].它不仅可以满足人们装扮容貌、端正姿态、美化生活的需要,同时在照镜的过程中产生的对人生易老的感叹和爱情永存的渴望,又使铜镜成为人们情感的承载.     

长江航业联合办事处与京沪汉物资西迁(1937-1940)

全面抗战爆发后,为了组织南京、上海等地区物资西迁,交通部航政局责成招商局、民生、三北等轮船公司成立长江航业联合办事处,专门负责办理军民运输事宜。长江航业联合办事处先后组织沪镇联运和汉渝间分段联运来保证京沪汉地区物资顺利西迁,为支撑持久抗战做出了重要贡献。由于组织仓促、信息沟通不畅、日机空袭等原因,长江航业联合办事处在组织物资西迁过程中也存在诸多问题,甚至一度被撤销。但其所建立的分段联运和多部门协调机制,对抗战时期的物资运输发挥了积极作用。     

The Peopling of the New World: Present Evidence, New Theories, and Future Directions

The prevailing archaeological consensus on Paleoindian origins and colonization of the Americas has been shaken by recent wide acknowledgment of pre-Clovis occupation at Monte Verde, Chile, and by claims that ostensibly non-Mongoloid skeletal remains might represent a precursor population. Recent mitochondrial DNA studies have been interpreted by some as indicating an earlier and more complex peopling of the continent. This paper reviews the current archaeological and biological evidence, in America and northern Asia, for the origins of Native Americans, assesses models of the colonization process in the light of new data and a revised chronology, and suggests avenues for future research.